4. The Objectives and Functions of WTO
4. WTO的目標(biāo)與職能

WTO的基本目標(biāo)、職能在《WTO協(xié)定》中有明確宣示，WTO的基本原則體現(xiàn)在WTO的近三十個(gè)規(guī)范性協(xié)定或稱諒解之中。

根據(jù)《建立WTO協(xié)定》第3條，WTO有五項(xiàng)基本職能，即管理相關(guān)多邊協(xié)定的執(zhí)行、提供成員談判的場(chǎng)所、解決爭(zhēng)端、實(shí)施貿(mào)易政策評(píng)審和開展與其他國(guó)際組織的合作。

4.1 The Objectives of WTO

4.1 WTO的目標(biāo)

The objectives of the WTO are spelled out in the preamble to the WTO Agreement. In a nutshell, these objectives are：

1. To ensure the reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade.

2. To eliminate discriminatory treatment in international trade relations.

3. To facilitate higher standards of living, full employment, a growing volume of real income and effective demand and an increase in production and trade in good and services of the member nations.

4. To make positive effect, which insures developing countries especially the least developed secure level of share in the growth of international trade that reflects the needs of their economic development.

5. To facilitates the optimal use of the world's resources for sustainable development.

6. To promote an integrated, more visible and durable trading system incorporating all the resolutions of the Uruguay Round's Multilateral trade negotiations.

General speaking, to ensure that linkages trade policies, Environmental policies with sustainable growth and development are taken care of by the member countries in evolving a new economic order.

4.2 The Functions of WTO

4.2 WTO的職能

As globalization proceeds in today's society, the necessity of an international organization to manage the trading systems has been of vital importance. As the trade volume increases, issues such as protectionism, trade barriers, subsidies, violation of intellectual property arise due to the differences in the trading rules of every nation. The World Trade Organization serves as the mediator between the nations when such problems arise. It is designed to play the role of a watchdog in the spheres of trade in goods, trade in services, foreign investment, intellectual property rights, etc. ArticleⅢof the WTO Agreement has set out the following five functions of WTO：

（Ⅰ）the WTO shall facilitate the implementation, administration and operation, and further the objectives, of the WTO Agreement and of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and shall also provide the framework for the implementation, administration and operation of the Plurilateral Trade Agreements.

（Ⅱ）The WTO shall provide the forum for negotiations among its members concerning their multilateral trade relations in matters dealt with under the Agreement in the Annexes to this Agreement.

（Ⅲ）The WTO shall administer the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes（hereinafter referred to as the“Dispute Settlement Understanding”or“DSU”）.

（Ⅳ）The WTO shall administer Trade Policy Review Mechanism.

（Ⅴ）With a view to achieving greater coherence in global economic policy making, the WTO shall cooperate, as appropriate, with the international Monetary Fund （IMF）and with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development（IBRD）and its affiliated agencies.

Additionally, the WTO is also a center of economic research and analysis:regular assessments of the global trade picture in its annual publications and research reports on specific topics are produced by the organization.

WTO應(yīng)推動(dòng)《WTO協(xié)定》及其多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的實(shí)施、管理和運(yùn)作，促進(jìn)其目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。同時(shí)，它也要為諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的實(shí)施、管理和運(yùn)作提供一個(gè)框架。

《關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端解決規(guī)則與程序的諒解》