前言

有人說(shuō)翻譯是一門技藝，也有人說(shuō)翻譯是一門學(xué)問(wèn)，我始終認(rèn)為翻譯是一種心境，是一種以天合天、以心譯心、以心感心的審美情愫。《譯心齋集》正是一本精心撰寫的翻譯賞析集，書名源于一個(gè)中國(guó)古代的故事。

莊子《達(dá)生》篇里有一個(gè)叫梓慶的魯國(guó)木匠的故事：他“削木為鑲”，把一種樂(lè)器做成了“見(jiàn)者驚為鬼神”，樂(lè)器上面的猛虎被雕刻得栩栩如生。于是梓慶聲名遠(yuǎn)播，魯侯召見(jiàn)他，問(wèn)他怎么能夠雕刻得這么像？梓慶很謙虛，對(duì)魯侯說(shuō)：“我準(zhǔn)備做這個(gè)鑲的時(shí)候，一定要齋戒靜心，讓自己的內(nèi)心真正安靜下來(lái)，毫無(wú)雜念。三天之后，我就可以忘記‘慶賞爵祿’了，也就是說(shuō)，我成功以后，可以得到的封功賞賜啊，升官發(fā)財(cái)啊，這些東西都可以扔掉了，也就是說(shuō)忘記利益了。齋戒到第五天，我就可以忘記‘非譽(yù)巧拙’了，也就是說(shuō)，我已經(jīng)不在乎別人對(duì)自己是毀是譽(yù)、是是非非，是好也罷，是壞也罷，我都已經(jīng)不在乎了，也就是說(shuō)忘記名聲了。到第七天的時(shí)候，我可以忘卻我這個(gè)人的‘四肢形體’，也就是說(shuō)，我忘記自己有四肢五官了，達(dá)到忘我之境。這個(gè)時(shí)候，我就進(jìn)山了。進(jìn)山以后，靜下心來(lái)，尋找好的木材，觀察木材的質(zhì)地，看到形態(tài)合適的，就砍回來(lái)，順手一加工，就能雕刻成現(xiàn)在的樣子。我做事情只是‘以天合天’，這就是我的奧秘?！?/p>

魯國(guó)木匠的故事給了我在翻譯方面這樣的啟示：翻譯的時(shí)候，一定要有一個(gè)好的心態(tài)，超越功利，靜心忘我，細(xì)致研讀原文，體味原文的行文風(fēng)格、用字特色、感情色彩，才能做到“以天合天”。好的譯者要有極強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)悟心與審美力，能夠把握各種體裁的原文，把原作品里的鏡中花、空中月、山之形、云之狀采擷回來(lái)，把對(duì)原作的心靈感悟訴諸筆端，自然幻化為至臻至善、生機(jī)盎然的譯文作品。

筆者擔(dān)任大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系教職以來(lái)，曾經(jīng)陸續(xù)在各個(gè)主要的英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊和詩(shī)歌會(huì)上發(fā)表翻譯作品。在教授大學(xué)英漢、漢英翻譯時(shí)，無(wú)論是在課堂內(nèi)，還是在課堂外，總有好學(xué)的學(xué)生向我請(qǐng)教翻譯的秘訣，他們孜孜不倦的求學(xué)態(tài)度是我撰寫本書的動(dòng)力與熱情。翻譯開闊了學(xué)生們的視野，讓他們體味到不同的語(yǔ)言與文化之間也有相通之處。翻譯也是信息傳遞的橋梁，是情感溝通的紐帶，翻譯者一定要守住心齋，才能把優(yōu)秀精美的原文作品，用不同的語(yǔ)言雕刻出譯文作品。

一是用譯者的一顆心去揣摩體味原文作者的一顆心。本書簡(jiǎn)述了翻譯的基本概念與實(shí)用技巧，結(jié)合翻譯的充足實(shí)例，以天合天，以心譯心，力圖在翻譯理論探索與翻譯實(shí)踐應(yīng)用上有所突破。本書精選了筆者在全國(guó)優(yōu)秀英語(yǔ)雜志《海外英語(yǔ)》主持的翻譯專欄“月聽(tīng)清泉”里的文章，還精選了筆者在全國(guó)其他優(yōu)秀英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊《英語(yǔ)世界》《新東方英語(yǔ)》《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》《英語(yǔ)沙龍》《英語(yǔ)知識(shí)》《英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)報(bào)》上發(fā)表的譯文。《人間詞話》譯文注解，格言雋語(yǔ)，秀草幽花，心燈意蕊，片金碎玉，則為之點(diǎn)綴。翻譯實(shí)例還涉及考古美學(xué)等專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

二是用譯者自己的一顆心去感染打動(dòng)讀者的一顆心。蘇聯(lián)著名教育學(xué)家蘇霍姆林斯基說(shuō)過(guò)：“我一千次相信：沒(méi)有一條富有詩(shī)意的、感情的和審美的清泉，就不可能有學(xué)生全面的智力的發(fā)展。富有詩(shī)意的創(chuàng)造開始于美的幻想，美使知覺(jué)更加敏銳，喚醒創(chuàng)造的思維?！北緯痪朽笥诳菰锏姆g理論說(shuō)教，而是努力引導(dǎo)讀者體味好的翻譯作品的藝術(shù)魅力，這些作品有的字字珠璣，有的博大深沉，有的感心動(dòng)耳，有的立意雋永，讓讀者體味到翻譯之妙，翻譯之美，翻譯之巧，翻譯之用，努力使讀者對(duì)語(yǔ)言的本質(zhì)與轉(zhuǎn)換兼具理性與感性認(rèn)識(shí)，從而提高他們的語(yǔ)言素養(yǎng)，陶冶他們的審美意識(shí)，培養(yǎng)他們的鑒賞能力，提升他們的人生品位。

好的譯文，“外之能喻于人，內(nèi)之能慊諸己”；好的譯者，“遂于作者，又老于作者”；譯道，“一名之立，旬日踟躕”。

《譯心齋集》原文作品都是近現(xiàn)代大家的作品，風(fēng)格流派各具特點(diǎn)，各擅其美，譯文努力傳達(dá)出原作的各具形態(tài)的美感。

有關(guān)雄壯的：

His life was in his hand, and he was prepared to throw it away in that attempt. Having succeeded in placing himself a little above the large tree, he turned his face towards the bottom of the river, and dived down among the branches. And he also, after that, was never again seen with the life-blood flowing round his heart.

他竭盡全力，準(zhǔn)備舍己救人。他成功地游到那棵大樹偏上的位置，接著面朝河底，俯沖進(jìn)樹枝叢中。那以后，他生命的血液在心臟里再也沒(méi)有流動(dòng)。

有關(guān)平淡的：

...the one idea that gives salt to life is the idea of home. On some day, however distant it may be, they will once more turn their faces towards the little northern island, and then all will be well with them.

生活的滋味是對(duì)家的思念。某一日，無(wú)論相距多么遙遠(yuǎn)，他們的目光會(huì)再次轉(zhuǎn)向北方小島，那時(shí)那刻，一切就會(huì)好起來(lái)。

有關(guān)綺麗的：

It wasn't real night yet but the blinds were down in the dining-room and the lights turned on-and all the lights were red roses. Red ribbons and bunches of roses tied up the table at the corners. In the middle was a lake with rose petals floating on it... Two silver lions with wings had fruit on their backs, and the salt cellars were tiny birds drinking out of basins.And all the winking glasses and shining plates and sparking knives and forks...

天還沒(méi)有完全黑，但是宴會(huì)廳的窗簾已經(jīng)落下。華燈四落，散發(fā)出玫瑰色的光。餐桌的四角綁著紅色彩帶和玫瑰花束。桌子的中央是漂浮著玫瑰花瓣的水池。……兩頭帶翼的銀獅，背上馱著水果，池邊喝水的小鳥原來(lái)是一個(gè)個(gè)裝鹽的瓶子。還有好多好多亮晶晶的玻璃杯、盤子和亮锃锃的刀叉……

有關(guān)凄美的：

The sky is the colour of jade. There are a great many stars; an enormous white moon hangs over the garden. Far away lightning flutters—flutters like a wing—flutters like a broken bird that tries to fly and sinks again and again struggles.

冷翡翠色的天空里，繁星萬(wàn)點(diǎn)，一輪碩大蒼白的月懸在花園上空。遠(yuǎn)處的閃電忽明忽暗——撲哧撲哧像一只翅膀——像折翅的鳥兒掙扎著飛起來(lái)，跌下去，飛起又跌落。

有關(guān)清奇的：

In the day-time you felt that you had got high up, near to the sun, but the early mornings and evenings were limpid and restful, and the nights were cold.

白天里，你登高望遠(yuǎn)，似乎太陽(yáng)也觸手可及；拂曉或傍晚卻來(lái)得清，來(lái)得靜；到了夜間還有些許寒意。

有關(guān)肅穆的：

But in the midst of the long row there hangs a canvas which differs from the others. The frame of it is as fine and as heavy as any, and as proudly as any carries the golden plate with the royal crown. But on this one plate no name is inscribed, and the linen within the frame is snow-white from corner to comer, a blank page.

在這一長(zhǎng)排正中間卻懸掛著一塊與眾不同的亞麻布，它同樣有精美厚重的畫框，和帶供放皇冠的金色托盤的畫框一樣，傲然掛立，但是它的托盤沒(méi)刻上名字，畫框里的亞麻布，竟然整塊雪白雪白的，是一幅空白頁(yè)。

有關(guān)典雅的：

Again the same softness of intimacy came over her, as she stood before a tumbling heap of pink petals. Then she wondered over the white rose, that was greenish, like ice, in the centre. So, slowly, like a white, pathetic butterfly, she drifted down the path, coming at last to a tiny terrace all full of roses. They seemed to fill the place, a sunny, gay throng. She was shy of them; they were so many and so bright. They seemed to be conversing and laughing. She felt herself in a strange crowd. It exhilarated her, carried her out of herself. She flushed with excitement. The air was pure scent.

當(dāng)她站在層層疊疊、顫顫巍巍的粉色花瓣面前時(shí)，心中又會(huì)涌起親密的柔情。她還驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)白色玫瑰，花心如冰，泛出淡淡的綠色。就這樣，好似一只結(jié)著愁怨的白色蝴蝶，她輕挪著步子沿小路來(lái)到一個(gè)開滿玫瑰花的小陽(yáng)臺(tái)。那兒似乎填滿了玫瑰花，團(tuán)團(tuán)簇簇，燦爛歡快。在它們中間，她感到羞澀，它們是如此繁多，如此亮麗，它們似乎在暢談，在大笑，她覺(jué)得自己身處一群陌生人當(dāng)中，這讓她激動(dòng)不已，神魂顛倒。她興奮得臉頰泛紅。空氣中彌漫著純純的花香味道。

有關(guān)悲慨的：

The sun was going down over the chestnut ridge. A lark was singing. It was late for a lark to sing. The red evening clouds floated above the pine trees on our pasture hill. My father stood beside the path. His black hair was moved by the wind. His face was red in the blue wind of day. His eyes looked toward the sinking sun.

太陽(yáng)緩緩沉落到棕褐色山嶺后。天色已晚，云雀仍在嚶唱。殷紅的落霞飄浮在牧場(chǎng)山頭、松樹林間，父親站在小路旁，任風(fēng)兒吹動(dòng)他的黑發(fā)，凜冽寒風(fēng)中，他滿臉通紅，遙望西下的斜陽(yáng)。

有關(guān)洗練的：

He had come in the night, under the roof of stars, as the moon shed rays of light on the quivering clouds of green.

他循著夜色而來(lái)，蒼穹之間，繁星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，明月相照，碧云漾漾。

有關(guān)質(zhì)樸的：

Two people, vastly different, separated by language and culture and a whole lot else, yet giving and giving back the best they had to offer, their own humanity, their cartoons, their pickles. He gratefully accepted the pink plastic bag with its soggy lump, this beautiful token of universal friendship. It was incredible, so warming to the heart. He would keep it forever...

兩個(gè)不同國(guó)度的人，語(yǔ)言不通，文化迥異，還有其他許多差異，但是仍然相互饋贈(zèng)彼此最美好的東西，他們的博愛(ài)，他們的繪畫，甚至是他們的咸菜。他感激地接過(guò)裝有泡菜的粉色塑料袋，這是世界友誼的美好象征，這份禮物棒極了，情暖人心，他將永遠(yuǎn)珍藏它……

本譯集的付梓要特別感謝武漢大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院翻譯系前副主任胡孝申教授、澳門大學(xué)中文系博士生導(dǎo)師龔剛副教授、浙江大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)言文化與國(guó)際交流學(xué)院何輝斌教授的鼓勵(lì)，父母的諄諄教誨與默默支持，我的摯友渭南師范學(xué)院陳平安、閆媛媛夫婦繪制了精美插圖、我的學(xué)生倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院研究生萬(wàn)琪瓏、應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)專業(yè)1603班陳紅霞、豆玲、張啟嶸、楊秋檀、王麗麗，師范英語(yǔ)專業(yè)1901班劉維嘉、1902班張楚睿等的協(xié)助。

王勣

戊戌年暢月

于湖師青山湖畔