15． The Investment Dealer，Digest： IDD, 31 January 2000，Virtual Mergers： With Traditional Mergers Difficult to Pull Off， Airlines Are Finding Creative Ways to Consolidate， p．1．

16． Doganis (2001)．

17． Taneja (2003)．

18． ICAO Journal (2003) no．6．

19． ICAO Journal (2003) no．6．

20． Nawal K．Taneja (2003) Airline Survival Kit： Breaking Out of the Zero Profit Game， Ashgate Publishing．

21． http：//useu．usmission．gov／Dossiers／Open_Skies／Mar2808_Open_Skies_Accord_In_Force．a(chǎn)sp

22． 盡管一些匯率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以對(duì)沖，但套期保值既不是無成本的，也沒有完全消除匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

23． IATA Annual Report， 2008．

24． ICAO Journal (2006) Annual Review of Aviation， Vol． 61， No． 5．

25． High Fuel Prices Spark Southwest Buyouts， UAL Loss， 28 May 2004， http：//www.smartmoney．com

26． Taneja (2003)．

27． James Ott and Raymond E．Neidl (1995) Airline Odyssey, The Airline Industry，Turbulent Flight into the Future． New York： McGraw*睭ill．

28． Taneja (2003) see op． cit．

29． ICAO Journal (2007) Performance Indicators， Vol． 62， No． 1．

30． 關(guān)于波音公司的價(jià)格，參見http://www.boeing.com/commercial/ prices/。

31． Ghemawat， P．(1991)Commitment：The Dynamic of Strategy． Free Press．