?。?］See our article,“Professional Lives Versus Private Lives—Shifting Patterns of Managerial Commitment,”Organizational Dynamics, Spring 1979,p.2.

　?。?］Ibid.

　　［3］Abraham Zaleznik,“Management of Disappointment,”HBR,NovemberDecember,1967,p.59.

　?。?］Edgar H. Schein,Career Dynamics (Reading, MA:AddisonWesley,1978).

　?。?］See,for example, Harry Levinson,“Emotional Health in the World of Work”in Management by Guilt (New York:Harper & Row,1964),pp.267291.