Chapter 1 Introduction 1．1 Language 1．1．1 What is language? 1．1．2 Design features of language 1．1．3 The functions of language 1．2 Linguistics 1．2．1 Definition of linguistics 1．2．2 Short history of modem linguistics 1．2．3 Main branches of linguistics 1．2．4 Why should we study linguistics? 1．3 Some important distinctions in linguistics 1．3．1 Descriptive approach vs． prescriptive approach 1．3．2 Synchronic vs． diachronic 1．3．3 Langue vs． parole 1．3．4 Competence vs． performance 1．3．5 Linguistic potential vs． linguistic behavior Exercises References Chapter 2 Schools of Modern Linguistics and Modern Linguists 2．1 Historical linguistics 2．2 Structuralism 2．2．1 F． de Saussure's Theories 2．2．2 Halliday and Systemic Functional Grammar 2．3 Generativism 2．3．1 Generative linguistics 2．3．2 Chomsky's theory 2．4 Other linguistic theories in late half of the 20th century Exercises References Chapter 3 Speech Sounds 3．1 Basic concepts and definitions 3．1．1 Speech organs 3．1．2 Phonetics vs． phonology 3．2 IPA 3．3 Segment 3．3．1 Phone， phoneme and allophone 3．3．2 Consonants 3．3．3 Vowels 3．4 Phonology 3．4．1 Coarticulation and phonetic transcriptions 3．4．2 Phonological process and phonological rules 3．4．3 Suprasegmental features Exercises References Chapter 4 Morphology 4．1 What is morphology? 4．2 Word， lexeme， lexicon and vocabulary 4．2．1 Three senses of \
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