金本巴瓶（復(fù)制品）

公元1792年

高35厘米

重2170克

金質(zhì)

“本巴”，藏語(yǔ)“瓶”之意。清政府為革除活佛轉(zhuǎn)世制度中的弊端，乾隆皇帝于乾隆五十七年（公元1792年）特賜金瓶?jī)蓚€(gè)：一個(gè)在北京雍和宮；一個(gè)在拉薩大昭寺，作為轉(zhuǎn)世靈童掣簽之用。指令：凡藏蒙大活佛如達(dá)賴(lài)、班禪、章嘉、哲布尊丹巴等轉(zhuǎn)世時(shí)，必須按宗教儀軌將尋訪(fǎng)到的數(shù)名“靈童”的姓名，用滿(mǎn)、漢、藏文字寫(xiě)在象牙簽上，置于瓶中，由駐藏大臣或清政府選派的高級(jí)官員主持儀式，當(dāng)眾掣簽確定。金瓶掣簽制度的實(shí)行，杜絕了確認(rèn)活佛轉(zhuǎn)世靈童過(guò)程中的弊端，從而將達(dá)賴(lài)、班禪等活佛的轉(zhuǎn)世制度直接納入中央政府對(duì)西藏的管理制度中。

BembaGolden Urn （Replica）

35 cm high, weighing 2,170 grams

gold

1792

Bemba means urn in Tibetan. To eliminate the drawbacks in the reincarnation system of Living Buddha, Emperor Qianlong bestowed two golden urns in 1792 or the 57th year of his reign,one to the Yonghegong Lamasery in Beijing and the other to the Jokhang Monastery in Lhasa, both used for lotdrawing to determine the reincarnated soul boy. According to the edict he issued, reincarnation of any Living Buddha in Tibet and Mongolia, such as the Dalai Lama, the Panchen Erdeni, Changkya and Tsebu Tsangdainba, should follow Buddhist rituals to seek several soul boy candidates, write their names in Manchu, Chinese and Tibetan on ivory lots, and place them in the urn. The High Commissioner stationed in Tibet by the Qing Court or senior officials appointed by the Qing Court would host the lotdrawing ceremony and one of the lots would be drawn in public. The implementation of the lot-drawing system removed all the previous drawbacks in determining the reincarnated soul boy of a late Living Buddha, and directly included the Living Buddha reincarnation system into the ministration over Tibet by the Central Government.

編輯短評(píng)：這就是傳說(shuō)中“金瓶摯簽”用的金瓶，這一傳統(tǒng)一直沿用至今。自乾隆皇帝起，中央政府通過(guò)這一儀軌，樹(shù)立了中央權(quán)威：只有經(jīng)過(guò)中央政府監(jiān)督、冊(cè)封，達(dá)賴(lài)、班禪在西藏發(fā)布文告、行使政教職權(quán)時(shí)才具有合法性和權(quán)威性。