News Item1 2

剖腹產(chǎn)的嬰兒死亡率高于自然生產(chǎn)

News Background

新聞背景　　

美國心理學(xué)家弗赫于多年前公布的研究結(jié)果：分娩方式可能決定著孩子的未來。弗赫經(jīng)長期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，分娩的過程盡管相對(duì)于孩子一生來看是極為短暫的，但這一過程將影響一個(gè)人未來的性格、脾氣和氣質(zhì)。弗赫的研究，引起了西方醫(yī)學(xué)界，尤其是婦產(chǎn)科、兒科專家和心理學(xué)家們的關(guān)注，并就此作了大量的調(diào)查研究后，不僅證實(shí)了弗赫的觀點(diǎn)，而且還有許多新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。正常分娩的嬰兒比未經(jīng)歷分娩過程的剖腹嬰兒肺容量大且較少患呼吸系統(tǒng)疾??；正常兒童弱視發(fā)病率僅為4%，而受鉗產(chǎn)、剖宮產(chǎn)、臀位產(chǎn)等各種方式難產(chǎn)兒童的弱視率卻高達(dá)15%以上。

News Transcript VOA 新聞梗概

A World Health Organization survey of hospital and clinic births in nine Asian countriesearlier this year found 27 percent were c-sections, and in China it was nearly half of all births.

And there were more deaths and complications when women had a cesarean delivery that wasn’tmedically required.

Now, a small but intriguing new study looks at one way the delivery method might affectthe baby’s health. Co-lead author Elizabeth Costello, now at Stanford, was at the University ofColorado when the study was done.

The researchers suspect that the newborn c-section babies might be picking up their genericbacteria mix from the air - one way bacteria gets on our skin.

Exactly how the differences in bacteria might make vaginally born babies less prone toallergies and asthma isn’t yet clear, but it does point to a difference that researchers can look atgoing forward. Costello says she expects more studies as DNA analysis gets cheaper and faster.

“I think further studies will be necessary to show whether the differences we’

ve demonstrated depending on delivery mode of babies when they fi rst emergeinto the world actually carry over time, and whether those differences mightcontribute to health outcomes.”

Elizabeth Costello’s paper is published online by the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences.

survey n.

調(diào)查cesarean a.

剖腹產(chǎn)的intriguing a.

有趣的bacteria n.

細(xì)菌asthma n.

哮喘analysis n.

分析demonstrate v.

說明，論證contribute v.

增進(jìn)詞匯加油站

Listening Comprehension聽力理解

1 A World Health Organization survey of hospital and clinic births inearlier this year found were c-sections, andin China it was nearly half of all births.

2 According to the research, which statement is not right? ( )A.The research looks at one way the delivery method might affect the baby’shealth.

B. The researchers suspect that the newborn c-section babies might be pickingup their generic bacteria mix from the air - one way bacteria gets on ourskin.

C. Co-lead author Elizabeth Costello, now at New York, was at the Universityof Colorado when the study was done.

D. All the above are not right.

3 Which statement of the followings is right? ( )A. Exactly how the differences in bacteria might make vaginally born babiesless prone to allergies and asthma isn’t yet clear.

B. Costello says she expects more studies as DNA analysis gets cheaper andfaster.

C. Elizabeth Costello’s paper is published online by the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences.

D. All the above.

1. nine Asian countries; 27 percent2. C 3. D Key1 World Health Organization世界衛(wèi)生組織（World Health Organization簡稱WHO）是聯(lián)合國下屬的一個(gè)專門機(jī)構(gòu)，只有主權(quán)國家才能參加，是國際上最大的政府間衛(wèi)生組織，現(xiàn)有193個(gè)會(huì)員國。1946年國際衛(wèi)生大會(huì)通過了《世界衛(wèi)生組織組織法》，1948年4月7日世界衛(wèi)生組織宣布成立。于是每年的4月7日也就成為全球性的“世界衛(wèi)生日”。

2 Exactly how the differences in bacteria might make vaginally born babies less prone to allergiesand asthma aren’t yet clear. prone to詞組意思為易于；有……傾向的。例： She is prone toanger. 她動(dòng)輒發(fā)怒。

3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 國家科學(xué)院會(huì)議。