Chapter 1 Introduction REFERENCES Chapter 2 Role of monitoring in environmental regulation: An empirical analysis of grazing restrictions in pastoral China 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2.2.1 Grazing restriction policies in the pastoral areas of China 2.2.2 Monitoring on herders' grazing behaviour 2.2.3 Conceptual framework 2.3 METHODOLOGY 2.3.1 Econometric models 2.3.2 Key variables measurement 2.4 DATA COLLECTION AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 2.4.1 Data collection 2.4.2 Sample characteristics 2.4.3 Descriptive statistics on grazing restrictions and monitoring 2.5 EMPIRICAL RESULTS 2.5.1 The impacts of grazing restrictions on grazing intensity 2.5.2 The impacts of grazing restrictions on overgrazing 2.5.3 Further discussion 2.6 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 2.7 REFERENCES Chapter 3 Effects of environmental regulation on rural livelihood diversification: Evidence from pastoral China 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 CHINA'S GRASSLAND ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION POLICY 3.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 3.4 METHODOLOGY 3.4.1 Measures of herders' livelihood diversification indices 3.4.2 Econometric models 3.5 DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS 3.5.1 Data collection 3.5.2 Sample characteristics 3.5.3 Descriptive statistics of the GECP 3.5.4 Herders' livelihood activities 3.6 EMPIRICAL RESULTS 3.6.1 The impact of GECP on herders' overall income and its sub-components 3.6.2 Impact of the GECP on herders' livelibood divensification 3.6.3 Robustness check 3.6.4 Sub-group analysis 3.7 DiscUSSION AND CONCLUSION 3.8 REFERENCES Chapter 4 The effect of grassland transfer on herders' livestock production and grazing intensity in Inner Mongolia and Gansu China 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 THE REFORMS OF GRASSLAND PROPERTY RIGHTS AND GRASSLAND TRANSFER 4.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND EMPIRICAL MODEL 4.3.1 Theoretical framework 4.3.2 Empirical model 4.4 DATA AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICs 4.4.1 Data collection 4.4.2 Descriptive statistics 4.5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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