簡明醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)

目錄第一章? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)論 1第一節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的發(fā)展及分類 2一、醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的發(fā)展 2二、醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的層次和實(shí)驗(yàn)類型 3第二節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的基本規(guī)范及安全守則 4一、實(shí)驗(yàn)課要求 4二、實(shí)驗(yàn)室基本規(guī)范及安全守則 5第三節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)常用試劑的配制 6一、生理鹽水（normal saline，NS） 6二、任氏液（Ringer’s solution） 6三、臺氏液（Tyrode’s solution） 6第四節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告的格式及寫作要求 7一、一般要求 7二、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告的基本格式 7第五節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)病例討論 9一、病例討論在教學(xué)中的實(shí)施 9二、病例討論的基本步驟 10三、病例討論的要點(diǎn) 10四、病例討論示例 11第二章? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的動物實(shí)驗(yàn) 13第一節(jié)? 實(shí)驗(yàn)動物的分類及選擇 13一、實(shí)驗(yàn)動物的分類 13二、實(shí)驗(yàn)動物的選擇 14三、機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)常用的實(shí)驗(yàn)動物 15第二節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本操作 17一、兩棲類動物實(shí)驗(yàn)基本操作技能 17二、嚙齒類動物實(shí)驗(yàn)基本操作技能 18三、哺乳類動物實(shí)驗(yàn)基本操作技能 23第三節(jié)? 實(shí)驗(yàn)動物福利與動物實(shí)驗(yàn)倫理 25一、概述 25二、實(shí)驗(yàn)動物福利 26三、動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的“3R”原則 26四、動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的倫理審查 27第四節(jié)? BL-420生物數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析系統(tǒng)簡介 27一、BL-420系統(tǒng)概述 27二、BL-420系統(tǒng)原理 28三、BL-420F軟件工具條介紹 28第五節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)經(jīng)典動物實(shí)驗(yàn) 40實(shí)驗(yàn)一? 坐骨神經(jīng)-腓腸肌標(biāo)本制備 40實(shí)驗(yàn)二? 刺激強(qiáng)度對肌肉收縮的影響 43實(shí)驗(yàn)三? 刺激頻率對肌肉收縮的影響 45實(shí)驗(yàn)四? 神經(jīng)干動作電位的引導(dǎo) 46實(shí)驗(yàn)五? 蛙心起搏點(diǎn)觀察 49實(shí)驗(yàn)六? 期前收縮和代償間隙 51實(shí)驗(yàn)七? 呼吸運(yùn)動的調(diào)節(jié) 53實(shí)驗(yàn)八? 心血管系統(tǒng)活動的調(diào)節(jié) 56實(shí)驗(yàn)九? 消化道平滑肌的生理特性 58實(shí)驗(yàn)十? 影響尿生成的因素 60實(shí)驗(yàn)十一? 反射弧分析 62實(shí)驗(yàn)十二? 缺氧模型制備與觀察 64實(shí)驗(yàn)十三? 影響缺氧耐受性的因素 66實(shí)驗(yàn)十四? 高鉀血癥及其解救 68實(shí)驗(yàn)十五? 腸缺血再灌注損傷 70實(shí)驗(yàn)十六? 失血性休克 72實(shí)驗(yàn)十七? 急性右心衰竭 74實(shí)驗(yàn)十八? 呼吸衰竭 75實(shí)驗(yàn)十九? 氨在肝性腦病發(fā)病機(jī)制中的作用 77實(shí)驗(yàn)二十? 不同給藥途徑對藥物作用的影響 78實(shí)驗(yàn)二十一? 藥物的量效關(guān)系 79實(shí)驗(yàn)二十二? 肝功能對戊巴比妥鈉催眠作用的影響 81實(shí)驗(yàn)二十三? 傳出神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)藥物對動脈血壓的影響 82實(shí)驗(yàn)二十四? 地西泮對抗中樞興奮藥的致驚厥作用 84實(shí)驗(yàn)二十五? 利多卡因的抗心律失常作用 85第三章? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的人體實(shí)驗(yàn) 87第一節(jié)? WebChart-400人體生理實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)介紹 87一、系統(tǒng)主界面 87二、實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目界面 87第二節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)經(jīng)典人體實(shí)驗(yàn) 90實(shí)驗(yàn)一? ABO血型鑒定 90實(shí)驗(yàn)二? 動脈血壓測定 92實(shí)驗(yàn)三? 心音聽診 94實(shí)驗(yàn)四? 心電圖檢測 96實(shí)驗(yàn)五? 人體呼吸運(yùn)動的記錄 99實(shí)驗(yàn)六? 視力測定 101實(shí)驗(yàn)七? 盲點(diǎn)檢查 102實(shí)驗(yàn)八? 視野測定 104實(shí)驗(yàn)九? 色盲檢測 105實(shí)驗(yàn)十? 聲音的傳導(dǎo)方式 107實(shí)驗(yàn)十一? 膝跳反射的引導(dǎo)和觀察 109實(shí)驗(yàn)十二? 人類聽覺和視覺反應(yīng) 111第四章? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 113第一節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的基本原理 113一、醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究方法與實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 113二、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的一般規(guī)則 113三、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的基本要點(diǎn) 116第二節(jié)? 研究論文的撰寫及發(fā)表 117一、研究論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 117二、在期刊上發(fā)表論文 120第三節(jié)? 醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)能學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施 122一、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告（實(shí)驗(yàn)前報(bào)告）的格式 122二、完整實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告（實(shí)驗(yàn)后報(bào)告）的格式 123三、期刊論文形式的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告格式 123附錄1? 經(jīng)典生理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告樣例 124附錄2? 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告樣例 126附錄3? 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)正式報(bào)告樣例 129附錄4? CO發(fā)生裝置及相關(guān)機(jī)制 134附錄5? 小鼠耗氧量測定 135附錄6? 哺乳類動物實(shí)驗(yàn)基本操作技能 136附錄7? BL-420N生物信號采集與分析系統(tǒng)簡介 138附錄8? HPS-102人體生理實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)介紹 146Chapter I?Introduction to Medical Functional Experiment 150Section 1?The Development and Basic Types of Medical Functional Experiment 1511． The development of medical functional experiment 1512． Basic level and types of medical functional experiment 153Section 2?The Basic Code and Safety Rules of the Functional Laboratory 1541． Requirements of experimental class 1542． Laboratory code and safety guideline 155Section 3?Preparation of Common Reagents for Medical Functional Experiment 1561． Normal saline 1562． Ringer’s solution 1573． Tyrode’s solution 157Section 4?Formats and Requirements of Medical Functional Experiment Reports 1581． General requirements 1582． Basic format of experiment reports 158Section 5?Clinical Case Discussion in Medical Functional Experiment 1601． Basic steps for case discussion in medical functional experiment 1612． The main principles followed in case discussion 1623． Example of case discussion 162Chapter II?Animal Experiments in Medical Functional Experiment 164Section 1?The Classification and Selection of Laboratory Animals 1641． Classification of laboratory animals 1642． Selection of laboratory animals 1653． Laboratory animals commonly used in functional experiments 166Section 2?Basic Operating Techniques of Medical Functional Animal Experiment 1691． Basic operating techniques of amphibians experiment 1692． Basic operating techniques of rodents experiment 1703． Basic operating techniques of mammals experiment 177Section 3?Welfare of Laboratory Animals and Ethics of Animal Experiment 1801． Introduction 1802． The welfare of laboratory animals 1813． Principles of 3R in animal experiment 1814． The ethical review of animal experiment 182Section 4 Introduction to BL-420 Biological Data Acquisition and Analysis Systems 1821． Overview of BL-420 system 1822． Principle of BL-420 system 1833． Introduction to BL-420F software tool bar 184Section 5?Classical Animal Experiments in Medical Functional Experiment 197Experiment 1?Sciatic-gastrocnemius preparation 197Experiment 2?The effects of stimulation intensity on muscle contraction 200Experiment 3?The effects of stimulation frequency on muscle contraction 202Experiment 4?Induction of the compound AP of nerve trunk 204Experiment 5?Observation of the cardiac pacemaker of a frog 207Experiment 6?Extrasystole and compensatory pause of the frog heart 209Experiment 7?Regulation of respiration movement 211Experiment 8?Regulation of cardiovascular system activities 214Experiment 9?Physiological properties of smooth muscle of digestive tract 217Experiment 10?Factors affecting urine formation 219Experiment 11?The analysis of reflex arc 222Experiment 12?Preparation and observation of hypoxia model 223Experiment 13?Factors affecting hypoxic tolerance 226Experiment 14?Hyperkalemia and its rescue 228Experiment 15?Ischemia reperfusion injury in intestines 230Experiment 16?Hemorrhagic shock 232Experiment 17?Acute right heart failure 234Experiment 18?Respiratory failure 236Experiment 19 The role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy 238Experiment 20?Influence of administration route on drug action 240Experiment 21?Dose-effect relationship of drugs 241Experiment 22 Influence of hepatic function on the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital sodium 243Experiment 23 Effect of drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system on blood pressure 244Experiment 24 The effect of diazepam on convulsion induced by central stimulants 246Experiment 25?Antiarrhythmic effects of lidocaine 247Chapter III?Human Experiments in Medical Functional Experiment 249Section 1?Introduction to WebChart-400 system for human experiments 2491． Main interface of the system 2492． Experiment interface 249Section 2?Classical Human Experiments in Medical Functional Experiment 253Experiment 1?Determination of ABO blood types 253Experiment 2?Measurement of blood pressure 255Experiment 3?Detection of heart sound 257Experiment 4?Recording of an electrocardiogram 259Experiment 5?Recording of human respiratory movement 262Experiment 6?Examination of visual acuity 265Experiment 7?Examination of blind spot 266Experiment 8?Examination of visual fields 268Experiment 9?Examination of color blindness 270Experiment 10?The ways of sound conduction 272Experiment 11?Induction and observation of knee jerk reflex 274Experiment 12?Human auditory and visual responses 276Chapter IV?Experimental Research of Medical Functional Experiment 279Section 1?The Basic Principle of Medical Experimental Research 2791． Medical experimental research method and experimental design 2792． General rules for the experimental design 2803． The basic key points of the experimental design 283Section 2?The Writing and Publication of Research Paper 2841． Basic structure of scientific papers 2842． Publish scientific papers in journals 288Section 3 Experimental Design and Implementation in Medical Functional Experiment 2911． The format of the experimental design report/pre-lab report 2912． The format of a full experimental report 2913． The format of experimental report in form of journal published paper 292Appendix 1?An example of a typical physiology experimental report 293Appendix 2?An example of physiological experimental design 295Appendix 3?An example of a full Lab report 298Appendix 4?CO generator device and related mechanism 305Appendix 5?Measurement of oxygen consumption in mice 306Appendix 6?Basic technique for mammal experiments 307Appendix 7 Brief introduction to BL-420N data acquisiton and analysis system 309Appendix 8 An introduction to HPS-102 human physiology experimental system 318參考文獻(xiàn) 322