前言 Preface Chapter 1 Introduction to GIS 1.1 Geography 1.2 Information System 1.3 Definitions of GIS 1.3.1 Basic Concept 1.3.2 Selected Definitions of GIS 1.3.3 Alternative Names of GIS 1.4 Contributing Disciplines and Technologies 1.5 Brief History of GIS 1.5.1 Era of Open Innovation 1.5.2 Era of Commercialization 1.5.3 Era of Exploitation 1.6 Component of a GIS 1.6.1 Hardware 1.6.2 Software 1.6.3 Data/Database 1.6.4 Network 1.6.5 Procedures 1.6.6 Personnel 1.7 GIS=GISystem, GIScience, GIService and GIStudies 1.8 Benefits of GIS Vocabulary Questions for Further Study Chapter 2 GIS Software 2.1 Evolution of GIS Software 2.1.1 The 1st Generation of GIS 2.1.2 The 2nd Generation of GIS 2.1.3 The 3rd Generation of GIS 2.1.4 The 4th Generation of GIS 2.2 Architecture of GIS Software 2.2.1 Scope of GIS Projects 2.2.2 Three-tier Architecture 2.3 GIS Software Technology 2.3.1 Integrated GIS Development Tools 2.3.2 Modular GIS Development Tools 2.3.3 Component GIS Development Tools 2.3.4 WebGIS Development Tools 2.4 GIS Software Functions 2.5 Types of GIS Software 2.5.1 Desktop GIS 2.5.2 Server/Internet GIS 2.5.3 Mobile GIS 2.5.4 Developer/Component GIS 2.5.5 Open Source GIS 2.5.6 Others 2.6 Main Vendors of GIS Software Vocabulary Questions for Further Study Chapter 3 Representing the Real World 3.1 Geographical Representation 3.1.1 Necessity of Representation 3.1.2 Geographical Representation 3.2 Perception of the Real World 3.2.1 Discrete Object 3.2.2 Continuous Field 3.3 Vector Representation 3.4 Raster Representation 3.5 Attribute Data 3.5.1 Concept 3.5.2 Attribute Data Classification 3.6 Data Output & Visualization 3.6.1 Data Output 3.6.2 Visualization Vocabulary Questions for Further Study Chapter 4 Nature of Geographical Data 4.1 Geographical Phenomena …… Chapter 5 GIS Data Modeling Chapter 6 Creation and Maintenance of Geographic Databases Chapter 7 Geographical Query and Measurements Chapter 8 Spatial Analysis Chapter 9 Digital Terrain Model and Digital Elevation Model Chapter 10 Network Analysis Chapter 11 GIS as A Decision Support Tool Chapter 12 Main GIS Application Area Bibliography