Percutaneous and Non-fluoroscopical Procedure for Structural Heart Disease（PAN）

　　Ihis book provides an extensive discussion of echocardiography-guided percutaneous interventional techniques for clinical practitioners，including cardiologists， interventional physicians， surgeons and specialist training candidates. It allows readers to gain a thorough understanding of interpreting echocardiography-guided procedures，which not only protect patients from pain and other complications associated with conventional surgery， but also obviate the use of fluo-roscopy or contrast agents and so avoid radiation damage and the risks of allergy or renal function impairment. Further， these proce-dures could help to save patients in areas lacking medical resources.The book first demonstrates the substitution of transesophageal for transthoracic echocardiography to avoid intubation under general anesthesia， and then presents key technical and practical aspects of echoguided percutaneous interventions for structural heart diseases，such as ASD， VSD， PDA， PS， MS， AS and CoA. Lastly， it explores the lessons learned in echocardiography， anesthesia and postprocedural management of echoguided percutaneous interventions.

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