Transportation Systems Analysis and Modeling（交通運輸系統(tǒng)分析與建模）

CONTENTS
Part A  Transportation Systems Analysis and Modeling Process    1
Chapter 1  Introduction to Transportation Systems    1
1.1  Definitions    1
1.1.1  Preliminary Concepts of Transportation Systems    1
1.1.2  Components of Transportation Systems    2
1.1.3  Relationship Between Transportation Systems and Activity Systems    5
1.2  Transportation System Identification    6
1.2.1  Relevant Spatial Dimensions    6
1.2.2  Relevant Temporal Dimensions    10
1.2.3  Relevant Components of Travel Demand    14
1.3  Macroscopic Measures of a Traffic Stream    17
1.3.1  Fundamental Parameters of Traffic Flow    17
1.3.2  Derived Characteristics    21
1.3.3  Time-space diagram    23
1.3.4  Fundamental Relationship    25
Chapter 2  Transportation Systems Analysis Framework    29
2.1  Background of the Current Transportation Environment Changing    29
2.2  Basic Premise of a Transportation System    29
2.3  Interrelationship of Transportation and Activity System    30
2.4  Intervening Transportation/Activity/Flow (TAF) System    31
2.5  Prediction of Transportation Flows    33
Chapter 3  Transportation Systems Mathematical Modeling Fundamentals    35
3.1  The Function of Mathematical Modeling    35
3.2  General Assumption for Transportation Systems Modeling    36
3.2.1  Physical and Functional Delineation Assumption    36
3.2.2  Spatial Discretization Assumption(Zoning)    36
3.2.3  Identification of Relevant Transportation Services    36
3.2.4  Identification of Relevant Model Periods    36
3.2.5  Withinperiod Variability Assumption    36
3.3  Mathematical Models Family Structure for Transportation  System    37
3.4  Supply Models Simulating Transportation Systems    37
3.5  Demand Models Simulating Transportation Systems and  Activity    38
3.6  Network Demand-Supply Interaction Modeling    38
Part B  Transportation Supply Analysis and Modeling    42
Chapter 4  Macroscopic Traffic Stream Modeling    42
4.1  Introduction    42
4.2  Greenshield’s Macroscopic Stream Model    43
4.3  Calibration of Greenshield’s Model    45
4.4  Other Macroscopic Stream Models    46
4.4.1  Greenberg’s Logarithmic Model    46
4.4.2  Underwood’s exponential model    46
4.4.3  Pipes’ Generalized Model    47
4.4.4  Multi-Regime Models    47
4.5  Shock Waves    48
4.6  Macroscopic Flow Models    50
Chapter 5  Microscopic Traffic Flow Modeling    52
5.1  Introduction    52
5.2  Notation for Car Following Modeling    52
5.3  Car Following Models    53
5.3.1  Pipe’s Model    53
5.3.2  Forbes’ Model    54
5.3.3  General Motors’ Model    54
5.3.4  Optimal Velocity Model    54
5.4  General Motor’s Car Following Model    55
5.4.1  Basic Philosophy    55
5.4.2  Follow-the-Leader Model    55
5.5  Simulation Models    57
5.5.1  Applications of Simulation    57
5.5.2  Need for Simulation Models    58
5.5.3  Classification of Simulation Model    58
Chapter 6  Trip Generation Analysis and Modeling    59
6.1  Basic concepts    59
6.2  Trip Generation Analysis Methods    59
6.3  Regression Analysis Method    62
6.4  Cross-Classification Method    68
6.5  Model Stability over Time    73
6.6  Summary    74
Part C  Trip-based Demand Analysis and Modeling    77
Chapter 7  Trip Distribution Analysis and Modeling    77
7.1  Problem Definition    77
7.2  Gravity Models    80
7.3  Calibration of Doubly Constrained Gravity Models    87
7.4  Summary    95
Chapter 8  Modal Split Analysis and Modeling    98
8.1  Introduction    98
8.2  Factors Influencing Mode Choices    99
8.3  Aggregate Mode Choice Models    99
8.4  Disaggregate Choice Models    103
8.4.1  Modeling Framework: the Utility Theory    104
8.4.2  Logit Model    109
8.4.3  Calibration of Logit Models    112
8.5  Disaggregate Choice Models vs Traditional Aggregate Models    124
8.6  Summary    126
Chapter 9  Network Traffic Assignment Analysis and Modeling    129
9.1  Requirements for Network Traffic Assignment    129
9.2  Road Network Models    130
9.3  Shortest Path Algorithms    133
9.4  Route Choice Behaviour Model    139
9.5  Traffic Assignment Methods    141
9.6  Summary    149
References    152
Appendix A  Linear Regression Analysis    155
Appendix B  Calibrating Logit Models Using Logistic Regression in SPSS    174