小微企業(yè)融資188問(wèn)：企業(yè)都喊融資難，不懂金融是最大的難關(guān)

A 篇 種子期企業(yè)金融知識(shí) 創(chuàng)業(yè)與融資.................................................................................................................... 2 創(chuàng)業(yè)方式與融資的有何關(guān)系？............................................................................3 常見(jiàn)創(chuàng)業(yè)方式有哪些？..........................................................................................4 怎樣選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)方式 ？............................................................................................7 創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目與創(chuàng)業(yè)資本  ................................................................................................8 如何選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目？..............................................................................................8 創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目評(píng)估方法？..............................................................................................10 怎樣確定創(chuàng)業(yè)資本？..............................................................................................11 注冊(cè)資本和實(shí)收資本.....................................................................................................13 注冊(cè)資本和實(shí)收資本有何異同？........................................................................13 怎樣確定公司注冊(cè)資本？......................................................................................13 如何合理安排實(shí)收資本？......................................................................................15 哪些企業(yè)仍實(shí)行注冊(cè)實(shí)繳制？ .........................................................................16 公司股權(quán)配置 ..................................................................................................................17 股權(quán)合理配置應(yīng)根據(jù)什么原則？......................................................................17 怎樣加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)始人控制權(quán)？.....................................................................................19 什么是股權(quán)分散設(shè)計(jì)？ ......................................................................................19 何謂股權(quán)虛擬設(shè)計(jì)？ ..........................................................................................20 股權(quán)分層設(shè)計(jì)的方法是什么？..........................................................................20 怎樣建立股權(quán)激勵(lì)機(jī)制？ ..................................................................................21 創(chuàng)業(yè)資本籌措  ..............................................................................................................22 創(chuàng)業(yè)資本籌措有哪些渠道？ ..............................................................................23 什么是股權(quán)眾籌？  ..............................................................................................24 怎樣選擇股權(quán)眾籌平臺(tái)？ ..................................................................................25 發(fā)起股權(quán)眾籌應(yīng)做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作？ ..................................................................26 股權(quán)眾籌操作流程是什么？ ..............................................................................28 眾籌平臺(tái)收費(fèi)項(xiàng)目有哪些？ ..............................................................................30 天使投資   ......................................................................................................................31 什么是天使投資？  ..............................................................................................31 天使投資人怎樣選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目？......................................................................32 天使投資人怎樣評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)始人？.................................................................33 天使投資人如何進(jìn)行投資決策？ ......................................................................34 創(chuàng)業(yè)者怎樣尋找天使投資人？ ..........................................................................35 天使投資與 VC、PE 有何異同？......................................................................37 尋求天使投資需要注意什么問(wèn)題？ ..................................................................38 什么是 A 輪、B 輪、C 輪融資?.........................................................................40 寫(xiě)好商業(yè)計(jì)劃書(shū)  .............................................................................................................41 什么是商業(yè)計(jì)劃書(shū)？.............................................................................................. 41 怎樣編寫(xiě)商業(yè)計(jì)劃書(shū)？...........................................................................................42 商業(yè)計(jì)劃書(shū)的核心內(nèi)容是什么？ ......................................................................43 商業(yè)計(jì)劃書(shū)應(yīng)注意哪些細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題？ ..................................................................44 融資路演  .........................................................................................................................45 什么是融資路演？...................................................................................................45 融資路演需做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作？ ..........................................................................45 提升融資路演效果應(yīng)掌握哪些關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)？ ....................................................47 開(kāi)戶銀行選擇.....................................................................................................................48 銀行開(kāi)戶的政策規(guī)定是什么？ ..........................................................................49 銀行開(kāi)戶程序和收費(fèi)項(xiàng)目有哪些？ ..................................................................49 單位結(jié)算卡有什么作用？......................................................................................50 什么是網(wǎng)絡(luò)銀行？...................................................................................................51 企業(yè)為什么應(yīng)慎選開(kāi)戶銀行？ ..........................................................................52 商業(yè)銀行的企業(yè)金融服務(wù)有哪些？ .................................................................54 企業(yè)的銀行服務(wù)需求分幾類？ ..........................................................................55 小微企業(yè)怎樣正確選擇開(kāi)戶銀行？ .................................................................56 征信與信用評(píng)級(jí) .............................................................................................................58 什么是征信？..........................................................................................................58 企業(yè)征信信息從哪里來(lái)？ ..................................................................................59 企業(yè)信用報(bào)告怎樣查詢使用？ .........................................................................60 什么是信用評(píng)級(jí)？... ..............................................................................................61 銀行客戶信用評(píng)級(jí)指什么？ ..............................................................................62 信用評(píng)級(jí)符號(hào)的含義是什么？ ..........................................................................63 何謂專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)信用評(píng)級(jí)？ ..................................................................................64 B 篇初創(chuàng)期企業(yè)金融知識(shí) 信貸市場(chǎng)  .........................................................................................................................69 信貸市場(chǎng)與銀行體系是什么關(guān)系？...................................................................69 銀行貸款須遵守什么基本規(guī)則？ ......................................................................69 銀行貸款一般流程有什哪些？ ..........................................................................70 信貸合同核心條款是什么？ ..............................................................................71 什么是四單管理、三個(gè)不低于，七不準(zhǔn)、四公開(kāi)？...................................73 流動(dòng)資金貸款分類..................................................................................................75 流動(dòng)資金貸款主要品種.........................................................................................76 流動(dòng)資金貸款一般條件.........................................................................................77 固定資產(chǎn)貸款條件和程序 .................................................................................78 固定資產(chǎn)貸款主要品種 ......................................................................................80 什么是個(gè)人金融經(jīng)營(yíng)貸........................................................................................81 “信貸工廠”服務(wù)創(chuàng)新.........................................................................................83 投貸聯(lián)動(dòng)試點(diǎn)...........................................................................................................84 什么是票據(jù)和票據(jù)市場(chǎng)？  .................................................................................85 票據(jù)交易有幾種方式？  ......................................................................................86 票據(jù)融資有哪些方法？  ......................................................................................87 什么是商業(yè)承兌匯票？  . ....................................................................................88 怎樣進(jìn)行商票貼現(xiàn)融資？   ...............................................................................89 貿(mào)易融資工具各指哪些類型和產(chǎn)品？ ............................................................90 出口信貸融資方式分幾類？  ............................................................................91 什么是混合信貸融資？  .....................................................................................92 什么是福費(fèi)廷融資？  ..........................................................................................93 什么是打包貸款？  ..............................................................................................94 什么是信用證開(kāi)證授信？   ..............................................................................95 什么是信用證押匯融資？   ...............................................................................95 什么是備用信用證？  ..........................................................................................96 什么是國(guó)際保理融資？  ......................................................................................97 什么是國(guó)內(nèi)保理融資？  ......................................................................................98 怎樣進(jìn)行應(yīng)收賬款融資？   ...............................................................................99 何謂供應(yīng)鏈金融？ ..............................................................................................100 資本市場(chǎng)   . ..................................................................................................................101 什么是資本市場(chǎng)？ ..............................................................................................101 多層次資本市場(chǎng)建設(shè)目標(biāo)是什么？ ..............................................................102 股票市場(chǎng)層次和功能是怎樣劃分的？ .........................................................104 股票上市可以開(kāi)辟哪些直接融資渠道？......................................................105 什么是借殼上市？ ..............................................................................................106 什么是債券市場(chǎng)？ ..............................................................................................107 什么是中小企業(yè)集合債/集合票據(jù)？ ............................................................107 什么是中小企業(yè)私募債？ ..................................................................................108 什么是“雙創(chuàng)債”？ ..........................................................................................109 股權(quán)投資基金有幾種常見(jiàn)類型？  .................................................................111 什么是產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金？ ......................................................................................111 非銀行金融市場(chǎng) ...........................................................................................................112 什么是非銀行金融市場(chǎng)？ ................................................................................112 信托投資主要產(chǎn)品有幾種？ ............................................................................113 什么是中小企業(yè)集合信托？ ............................................................................113 什么是融資租賃？ ..............................................................................................114 融資租賃的常見(jiàn)產(chǎn)品有哪些？ ........................................................................115 融資租賃的租金包括哪些項(xiàng)目？ ....................................................................116 什么是 EMC 融資？.........................................................................................118 EMC 項(xiàng)目運(yùn)作模式是怎樣的？......................................................................119 政策性金融.....................................................................................................................119 什么是政策性金融？..........................................................................................120 國(guó)家開(kāi)發(fā)銀行支持中小企業(yè)發(fā)展有何舉措？.............................................120 農(nóng)發(fā)行服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”的信貸產(chǎn)品有哪些？ ................................................121 進(jìn)出口行支持外向型企業(yè)的信貸產(chǎn)品有幾類？........................................122 什么是中小企業(yè)發(fā)展基金？............................................................................123 國(guó)家新興產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)投資引導(dǎo)基金的支持重點(diǎn)？........................................124 科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化引導(dǎo)基金的投資政策？...........................................................125 商業(yè)信用市場(chǎng).................................................................................................................125 什么是商業(yè)信用？..............................................................................................125 易貨貿(mào)易融資有幾種模式？............................................................................126 應(yīng)收賬款融資方式有哪些？............................................................................127 什么是商業(yè)保理融資？......................................................................................128 供應(yīng)鏈融資怎樣運(yùn)營(yíng)？......................................................................................129 何謂預(yù)收賬款融資？..........................................................................................130 怎樣利用電子貨幣融資？ ...............................................................................130 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融 .....................................................................................................................132 什么是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融？..........................................................................................132 P2P 網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸的運(yùn)作和融資方式？ .............................................................132 直銷銀行目前提供哪些信貸產(chǎn)品？..............................................................134 網(wǎng)絡(luò)小貸怎樣開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)？ ..............................................................................135 什么是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融門(mén)戶？ ...............................................................................136 民間資本市場(chǎng)融資........................................................................................................137 什么是民間借貸？..............................................................................................137 民間借貸融資需要注意什么問(wèn)題？..............................................................138 怎樣利用典當(dāng)融資？..........................................................................................139 小額貸款公司主要提供哪些產(chǎn)品？..............................................................139 村鎮(zhèn)銀行的服務(wù)定位是什么？........................................................................140 農(nóng)村信用社的信貸產(chǎn)品有哪些？....................................................................141 什么是企業(yè)內(nèi)源融資？......................................................................................142 企業(yè)內(nèi)部集資的合理與合法界限是什么？.................................................143 企業(yè)融資渠道選擇 .......................................................................................................144 什么是企業(yè)金融版圖？....................................................................................144 怎樣繪制企業(yè)金融版圖？ ..............................................................................146 企業(yè)融資怎樣利用金融版圖？ ....................................................................148 企業(yè)資金鏈維持與保護(hù) .............................................................................................149 企業(yè)資金鏈斷裂的原因和防斷措施是什么？ .........................................149 怎樣利用差時(shí)預(yù)算建立資金鏈預(yù)警？.........................................................150 如何利用過(guò)橋資金維護(hù)資金鏈安全？.........................................................152 C  篇成長(zhǎng)期企業(yè)金融知識(shí) 股權(quán)融資方法 ...............................................................................................................155 股權(quán)融資有幾種方式？....................................................................................155 股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓融資需要什么條 ..............................................................................156 股權(quán)融資對(duì)象分為幾類投資者？..................................................................156 如何選擇股權(quán)投資基金？................................................................................157 股權(quán)融資需要經(jīng)過(guò)哪些步驟？.......................................................................158 注冊(cè)資本的“元”與股是否同一概念？.....................................................159 增資擴(kuò)股指標(biāo)如何計(jì)算？ ..............................................................................160 怎樣確定引進(jìn)投資者的股權(quán)占比？..............................................................161 股權(quán)融資后怎樣調(diào)整股權(quán)和資本結(jié)構(gòu)？.....................................................162 股權(quán)投資協(xié)議 ................................................................................................................163 股權(quán)投資協(xié)議主要條款有哪些？...................................................................163 什么是對(duì)賭協(xié)議？...............................................................................................165 對(duì)賭協(xié)議跟誰(shuí)賭？...............................................................................................167 對(duì)賭協(xié)議賭什么？...............................................................................................168 對(duì)賭籌碼是什么？...............................................................................................169 怎樣防范對(duì)賭風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？...........................................................................................170 公司估值定價(jià)  ...............................................................................................................172 什么是公司估值定價(jià)？......................................................................................172 什么是早期企業(yè)估值？ ....................................................................................173 什么是博克斯估值法？ ....................................................................................174 什么是共識(shí)估值法？........................................................................................175 什么是風(fēng)投專家評(píng)估法？ .............................................................................175 什么是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素匯總估值法？......................................................................176 公司上市前適用什么估值方法？.................................................................177 何謂可比公司法？............................................................................................178 何謂可比交易法？............................................................................................180 什么是現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)法？...................................................................................181 什么是梅特卡夫估值法？ ............................................................................182 區(qū)域股權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)（四板）掛牌須知 ................................................................183 區(qū)域股權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)的特色和運(yùn)行規(guī)則是什么？.....................................183 企業(yè)在區(qū)域股權(quán)市場(chǎng)掛牌需要什么條件？...............................................184 四板掛牌對(duì)企業(yè)融資有何幫助？.................................................................185 新三板掛牌攻略.................. .........................................................................................186 新三板在資本市場(chǎng)的地位是怎樣的？........................................................186 怎樣掌握新三板掛牌條件？..........................................................................187 新三板融資方式有哪些？ ............................................................................189 創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市規(guī)劃 ..........................................................................................................191 創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市特點(diǎn)和條件是什么？..................................................................191 創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市需經(jīng)過(guò)哪些程序？.......................................................................193 申報(bào)發(fā)行審查需要準(zhǔn)備哪些文件？..............................................................194 股票發(fā)行審查與核準(zhǔn)的主要步驟是什么？.................................................195 提交發(fā)審需要特別注意什么問(wèn)題？...............................................................196 技術(shù)出資為什么成為發(fā)審重點(diǎn)？....................................................................196 私募股權(quán)投資為何成為上市障礙？...............................................................197 創(chuàng)業(yè)板嚴(yán)信息披露體現(xiàn)在哪些方面？......................................................199 企業(yè)融資增信支持  .....................................................................................................200 什么是信用增級(jí)？...............................................................................................200 什么是擔(dān)保？.......................................................................................................201 反擔(dān)保與再擔(dān)保有何異同？............................................................................202 什么是信用擔(dān)保？..............................................................................................203 新型融資擔(dān)保體系建設(shè)目標(biāo)是什么？..........................................................204 保險(xiǎn)增信與信用擔(dān)保有何不同？...................................................................206 什么是中小企業(yè)履約保證保險(xiǎn)？...................................................................207 什么是信用保證保險(xiǎn)？.....................................................................................208 中小企業(yè)信用保證保險(xiǎn)開(kāi)辦品種有哪些？................................................209 企業(yè)融資方案的制定與實(shí)施  ...............................................................................210 怎樣制定企業(yè)融資方案？..............................................................................210 什么是組合運(yùn)用金融工具？..........................................................................211 企業(yè)融資怎樣進(jìn)行合理包裝？......................................................................213 怎樣制作融資申請(qǐng)文件？ .............................................................................214 融資方案的組織實(shí)施的方法策略是什么？...............................................215