目錄Contents
第一章 骨學總論 Introduction of the Osteology 1
第一節(jié) 骨學概述 General Survey of the Bone 1
一、骨的分類(Classification of the Bone) 3
二、骨的構造(Structure of the Bone) 4
三、骨的發(fā)育(Development of the Bone) 6
四、骨的功能(Function of the Bone) 7
五、骨的化學成分和物理特性(Chemical Composition & Physical Property of the Bone) 7
第二節(jié) 軀干骨 Bones of the Trunk 7
一、椎骨(The Vertebrae) 7
二、骶骨(The Sacrum) 11
三、尾骨(The Coccyx) 13
四、肋骨(The Ribs) 13
五、胸骨(The Sternum) 14
六、脊柱(The Vertebral Column) 15
第三節(jié) 顱骨 Bones of the Skull 16
一、顱骨上面(Superior Aspect of the Skull) 16
二、顱的側面(Lateral Aspect of the Skull) 17
三、顱的前面(Anterior Aspect of the Skull) 17
四、顱底外面(External Surface of the Cranial Base) 20
五、顱底內面(Internal Surface of the Cranial Base) 21
六、下頜骨(The Mandible) 22
七、新生兒顱骨及其生后變化(Skull at Birth and Its Changes after Birth) 23
第四節(jié) 上肢骨 Bones of Upper Limb 24
一、鎖骨(The Clavicle) 24
二、肩胛骨(The Scapula) 24
三、肱骨(The Humerus) 25
四、橈骨(The Radius) 26
五、尺骨(The Ulna) 27
六、手骨(The Bones of Hand) 28
第五節(jié) 下肢骨 Bones of the Lower Limb 33
一、髖骨(The Hip Bone) 33
二、股骨(The Femur) 34
三、髕骨(The Patella) 35
四、脛骨(The Tibia) 35
五、腓骨(The Fibula) 36
六、足骨(The Bones of Foot) 37
七、骨盆(The Pelvis) 41
第六節(jié) 骨學與法醫(yī)骨學的關系 Relationship between Osteology and Forensic Osteology 41
一、法醫(yī)骨學的定義(The Definition of the Forensic Osteology) 41
二、法醫(yī)骨學在醫(yī)學中的地位(The Position of the Forensic Osteology in Medicine) 41
三、法醫(yī)骨學研究的內容(The Contents of the Forensic Osteology) 42
參考文獻 43
第二章 骨骼的性別鑒定 Sexual Determination of the Bone 44
第一節(jié) 按骨骼的形態(tài)鑒定性別 Sexual Determination of the Bone by Morphology 44
一、髖骨的性別差異(Sexual Difference of the Hip Bone) 44
二、骶骨的性別差異(Sexual Difference of the Sacrum) 49
三、骨盆的性別差異(Sexual Difference of the Pelvis) 49
四、顱骨的性別差異(Sexual Difference of the Skull) 50
第二節(jié) 按指數鑒定骨骼性別 Sexual Determination of the Bone by Index 52
一、坐恥指數(The Ischium-pubic Index) 52
二、髂骨翼高指數(Index of the Iliac Wing’s Height) 53
三、骶骨底寬指數(Index of the Sacral Base and Breadth) 53
四、坐骨大切跡指數(Index of the Greater Sciatic Notch) 54
五、髖臼恥骨指數(The Acetabulum-pubic Index) 54
六、髖臼恥骨結節(jié)指數(Acetabulum Diameter/Pubic Tubercle-acetabular Rim Index) 54
七、 坐骨髖臼高/恥骨聯(lián)合上緣至髖臼緣距指數(Ischium-acetabular Height/Pubic Symphysis-acetabular Rim Index) 54
第三節(jié) 按判別分析法鑒定骨骼性別 Sexual Determination of the Bones by Discriminant Function Analysis 55
一、顱骨性別的判別分析(Sexual Discriminant Function Analysis of the Skull) 55
二、上肢骨性別的判別分析(Sexual Discriminant Analysis from the Bones of Upper Limb) 60
三、下肢骨性別的判別分析(Sexual Discriminant Analysis from the Bones of Lower Limb) 66
四、全套骨的性別判別分析(Sexual Discriminant Analysis from the Whole Set of Bones) 74
五、胸骨的性別判別分析(Sexual Discriminant Analysis of the Sternum) 74
六、骶骨的性別判別分析(Sexual Discriminant Analysis of the Sacrum) 75
參考文獻 75
第三章 骨骼的年齡鑒定 Age Estimation of the Skeleton 79
第一節(jié) 出生前的年齡推斷 Age Estimation before Birth 79
一、胎兒四肢骨(Fetal Bones of the Limbs) 80
二、胎兒顱骨(The Fetal Skull) 81
第二節(jié) 出生后的年齡推斷 Age Estimation after Birth 83
一、顱骨骨縫愈合的年齡推斷(Age Estimation from the Synostosis of Cranial Sutures) 83
二、四肢骨的年齡推斷(Age Estimation from the Bones of Limbs) 85
三、肋骨的年齡推斷(Age Estimation from the Costal Bone) 120
四、胸骨的年齡推斷(Age Estimation from the Sternum) 123
五、喉軟骨骨化的年齡推斷(Age Estimation from the Ossification of Laryngeal Cartilages) 124
六、根據牙齒推斷年齡(Age Estimation from the Teeth) 127
七、分子生物學方法推斷年齡(Age Estimation from the Method of Molecular Biology) 133
八、年齡鑒定要點(Focus Points of the Age Estimation from Bones) 133
參考文獻 134
第四章 骨骼推算身高 Stature Estimation from the Bone 138
第一節(jié) 推算身高的基本知識 Basic Knowledge of the Calculation of Stature 138
一、相關系數(Coefficient of the Correlation) 138
二、直線回歸方程(Equation of the Linear Regression) 138
三、影響身高的因素(Influential Factors of the Stature) 139
四、由骨推算身高的步驟(Steps of the Calculation of Stature from the Bone) 141
第二節(jié) 由四肢骨推算身高 Calculation of Stature from the Bones of Limbs 141
一、由上肢骨推算身高(Calculation of Stature from the Bones of Upper Limb) 142
二、由下肢骨推算身高(Calculation of Stature from the Bones of Lower Limb) 149
第三節(jié) 由軀干骨推算身高 Calculation of Stature from the Bones of Trunk 157
一、由椎骨推算身高(Calculation of Stature from the Vertebrae) 157
二、由胸骨推算身高(Calculation of Stature from the Sternum) 160
三﹑由骶骨推斷身高(Calculation of Stature from the Sacrum) 161
第四節(jié) 由顱骨推算身高 Calculation of Stature from the Skull 161
一、由顱圍推算身高(Calculation of Stature from the Cranial Circumference) 162
二、由下頜骨推算身高(Calculation of Stature from the Mandible) 162
第五節(jié) 身高的預測 Prediction of the Stature 162
一、 由父母身高推算子女的身高(Prediction of Children’s Stature from Their Parents’Statures) 162
二、自我身高的預測(Prediction of Stature from Oneself Stature) 163
第六節(jié) 我國人的身高 The Statures in Chinese 163
一、我國各省成人平均身高(Average Statures in Chinese by Provinces) 163
二、我國漢族成人平均身高(Average Statures in Chinese Han Nationality) 164
三、我國少數民族成人平均身高(Average Statures in Chinese National Minorities) 165
四、我國少數民族兒童的平均身高(Average Statures in C