Section 1?History of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 1?History of Spinal Full-endoscopy and Relevant Equipment Development 002 Chapter 2?History of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgical Techniques 011
Section 2?Full-endoscopic instruments and tools
Chapter 3?Current Main Available Spinal Full-endoscopic System in Market 028 Chapter 4?Tools Applied in Full-endoscopic Spinal Procedures 042
Section 3?Applied spine anatomy for full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 5?Applied Anatomy of Cervical Spine for Full-endoscopic Surgery 054 Chapter 6?Applied Anatomy of Thoracic Spine for Full-Endoscopic Surgery 062 Chapter 7?Applied Anatomy of Lumbar Spine for Full-endoscopic Surgery 066
Section 4?Fundamentals of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 8? Anesthesia for Full-endoscopic Spinal Surgery 086 Chapter 9?Operating Room Setup 093 Chapter 10? Optimizing Case Selections in Starting Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery: ?“The Decision is More Important than the Incision” 094
Section 5?Full-endoscopic cervical spine surgery
Chapter 11?Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Neck Pain 112 Chapter 12?Strategy of Full-endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy 116 Chapter 13?Strategy of Full-endoscopic Cervical Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 124 Chapter 14?Full-endoscopic Cervical Medial Branch Neurotomy 127 Chapter 15?Full-endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy with/without Discectomy through Posterior Approach 135 Chapter 16?Full-endoscopic Cervical Discectomy through Anterior Approach 142 Chapter 17? Full-endoscopic Cervical Ventral Decompression through ?Anterior Approach for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 151 Chapter 18? Full-endoscopic Cervical Ventral Decompression through Posterior Approach for ?Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 160 Chapter 19? Full-endoscopic Uniportal Odontoidectomy and Decompression of the Anterior ?Cervicomedullary Junction Using the Retropharyngeal Approach 165 Chapter 20?Full-endoscopic Bilateral Cervical Arcocristectomy through Unilateral Interlaminar Approach 171
Section 6?Full-endoscopic thoracic spine surgery
Chapter 21?Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Thoracic Zygapophyseal Joint Induced Upper or Mid Back Pain 182 Chapter 22?Strategy of Full-endoscopic Surgery for Thoracic Disc Herniation 188 Chapter 23? Strategy for Full-endoscopic Decompression for the Treatment of Thoracic Ossification of ?Ligamentum Flavum 198 Chapter 24 Full-endoscopic Thoracic Dorsal Ramus Neurotomy for Chronic Thoracic Zygapophyseal ?Joint Pain 207 Chapter 25 Full-endoscopic Transforaminal Thoracic Discectomy 212 Chapter 26 Full-endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy through Transthoracic Retropleural Approach 219 Chapter 27 Full-endoscopic Resection of Upper Thoracic Local Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ?Through Anterior Transcorporeal Approach 226 Chapter 28 Full-endoscopic Resection of Bilateral Thoracic Ossified Ligamentum Flavum Through ?Unilateral Interlaminar Approach 232
Section 7 Full-endoscopic lumbar spine surgery
Chapter 29 Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Low Back Pain 242 Chapter 30 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation 249 Chapter 31 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Lumbar Spine Stenosis 270 Chapter 32 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Discogenic Low Back Pain 279 Chapter 33 Selective Endoscopic Discectomy (SEDTM) Through Posterolateral Approach 297 Chapter 34 Full-endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Discectomy Through the Far Lateral Approach 303 Chapter 35 Percutaneous TESSYS Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy ?through Transforaminal Approach 308 Chapter 36 Percutaneous LiESS Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through ?Transforaminal Approach 321 Chapter 37 Percutaneous ZESSYSTM Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through ?Transforaminal Approach 345 Chapter 38 Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Transpedicular Approach 350 Chapter 39 Percutaneous Isthmus Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy 360 Chapter 40 Percutaneous Penetration and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Interlaminar ?Approach 369 Chapter 41?Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Interlaminar Approach 376 Chapter 42?Full-endoscopic Lumbar Decompression Through Transforaminal Approach 381 Chapter 43?Full-endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression 387 Chapter 44?The State of the Art and Progress of Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion 393 Chapter 45?Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion Through Transforaminal Approach 400 Chapter 46?Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion Through Interlaminar Approach 420 Chapter 47?Full-endoscopic Neurotomy of Dorsal Ramus of Lumbosacral Spinal Nerve 439 Chapter 48?Full-endoscopic Resection of Facet Cysts 449 Chapter 49?Full-endoscopic Resection of Osteoid Osteoma in Lumbar Spine 453 Chapter 50?Full-endoscopic Resection of Lumbar Epidural Schwannomas in Intervertebral Foramen 457
Section 8?Complications of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 51?Complications of Full-endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery 464 Chapter 52?Complications of Full-endoscopic Thoracic Spine Surgery 470 Chapter 53?Complications of Full-endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery 477
Section 9?New technologies helping the development of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 54?3D Printing Technology 486 Chapter 55?O-Arm-Based Navigation in Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery 491 Chapter 56?Robot and Intelligent Operating Room 496 Chapter 57?Stem Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering 504 Chapter 58?Annular Repair Techniques 514
Section 10?Training of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 59?Training venues and standards 534 Chapter 60?Training Implementation and Assessment of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery 538
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