CHAPTER 1 MEASUREMENT GENERAL INFORMATION, MEASUREMENT TOOLS, MEASUREMENT ERRORS 1.1 Measurement -- Basic Concepts and Definitions 1.2 Measurement Tools 1.3 Measurement Errors and Their Classification 1.3 .l Constant Errors and the Ways to Eliminate Them 1.3.2 Random Errors in Direct Measurement and the Ways of Their Estimation 1.3.3 Random Errors of Indirect Measurements 1.4 Metrological Characteristics and Properties of Measurement Instruments CHAPTER 2 SYSTEMS OF MEASURING INFORMATION TRANSMISSION, CONVERTERS OF NONELECTRIC QUANTITIES INTO ELECTRIC ONES, SHIP DATA MEASURING SYSTEMS 2.1 Parametric Transducers 2.2 Generator Transducers 2.3 Shipping Data-processing Systems CHAPTER 3 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 3.1 General Information 3.2 Temperature Scales 3.3 Liquid-in-glass Thermometers 3.4 Bimetal and Dilatometric Thermometers 3.5 Manometric Thermometers 3.6 Thermoelectric Thermometers 3.6.1 Theoretical Foundations of Thermocouples 3.6.2 The Connection of Electrical Measuring 3.6.3 The Correction for the Temperature of the Free Ends of the Thermocouple 3.6.4 Requirements to the Thermoelectric Materials.Standard Thermocouples 3.6.5 Extension (compensating) conductors 3.6.6 Ways of Thermoelectric Transducers Connection 3.6.7 Ways of measuring of the electromotive force 3.7 Resistance Thermometers 3.7.1 Resistance Thermotransducers 3.7.2 Methods of Measurement of Electrical Resistance 3.8 Systematic Errors of Temperature Measurement Using Contact Methods 3.9 Non-contact Temperature Measurement Methods 3 9.1 Optical Pyrometers 3.9 2 Radiation Pyrometers 3.10 Special Temperature Measurements 3 10.1 Temperature Measurement on the Surface and on the Inside of Solid Bodies 3.10.2 Temperature Measurement in Nuclear Reactors 3.10.3 Measurements at Unsteady Thermal Mode CHAPTER 4 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 4.1 General Information 4.2 Static Pressure Measurement 4.3 Total Pressure Measurement 4.4 Dynamic Pressure Measurement 4.5 Liquid Manometers 4.6 Deformation Manometers 4.7 Rapidly Changing Pressures Measurement 4.7.1 Mechanical Indicators 4 7.2 Electrical Indicators 4.7.3 Electropneumatic Indicators CHAPTER 5 FLOW MEASUREMENT 5.1 Volumetric and Mass Methods of the Flow Measurement 5.2 Tachometric Number of Counters and Flowmeters 5.3 Flowmeters of variable Pressure Drop 5.3.1 Theoretical Foundations of Flow Rcstrictors 5.3.2 Standard Flow Restrictors 5.4 Pneumometric Method of Flow Measurement and Input Measuring Equipment 5.5 Constant-volume Pressure Drop Flowmeters.Variable Area Flowmeters 5.6 Electromagnetic Flowmeters 5.7 Heat Flowmeters 5.8 Ultrasonic Flowmeters CHAPTER 6 MEASUREMENT OF LIQUID LEVELS 6.1 Mechanical Level Gauges 6.2 Electrical Level Gauges 6.3 Ultrasonic Level Gauges CHAPTER 7 MEASUREMENT OF ROTATIONAL SPEED 7.1 Summarizing Revolution Counters 7.2 Centrifugal Tachometers 7.3 Drag-type Tachometers 7.4 Electric Tachometers 7.5 Non-contact Methods of the Rotational Speed Measurement CHAPTER 8 POWER MEASUREMENT 8.1 General Information 8.2 Braking Device 8.3 Power Measurement Using Torsion Meters CHAPTER 9 MEASUREMENT OF THE PROCESS PARAMETERS OF THE WORKING SUBSTANCES QUALITY 9.1 Measurement of the Fuel Principal Characteristics 9.1.1 Measurement of the Fuel Ignition Temperature 9.1.2 Measuring the Fuel Viscosity 9.1.3 Fuel Density Measurement 9.2 Measurement of Water and Steam quality Indicators 9.2.1 Salt Content Measuring 9.2.2 Measurement of the Dissolved Oxygen Concentration 9.2.3 Measurement of the Hydrogen Ions Concentration (pH-meter) . 9.3 Steam Moisture Measurement CHAPTER 10 MEASUREMENT OF GAS COMPOSITION 10.1 General Information 10.2 Mechanical Gas Analy
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