如何應對以人工智能為代表的新一輪科技革命帶來的倫理和治理上的挑戰(zhàn)？這是一個未被以往任何單個學科的研究所涵蓋的問題。相比以往的技術(shù)，人工智能的獨特之處就在于它的“自主性”。換言之，或由于技術(shù)本身的特性、或由于其應用過程中社會賦予了它特定角色，當代人工智能技術(shù)已經(jīng)在深度“參與”人的決策。在這個意義上，人工智能技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的工具意義上的技術(shù)有質(zhì)的區(qū)別。正是由于這種對人的決策的深度“參與”，人工智能技術(shù)導致了短期和長期的倫理問題。本書系統(tǒng)地討論了這些問題，在社會如何應對新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革的問題上有思想資源和分析框架上的獨*性貢獻。How to address the ethical and governance challenges posed by the new technological revolution of artificial intelligence？ This is an issue that has not been covered by any previous study in any single discipline. What is unique about AI， compared to previous technologies， is its autonomy. Contemporary AI technologies are already deeply involved in human decision-making， either because of the nature of the technological application itself， or the special role that the society assigns to it as it is applied. In this sense， AI is qualitatively different from the traditional technology. It is precisely because of this deep 'involvement' in human decision-making that AI has led to both short-term and long-term ethical problems. This book discusses these issues systematically， making an original contribution of intellectual resources and analytical frameworks to the question of how society should respond to the new technological revolution.
作者簡介
郭銳（中國人民大學法學院副教授，未來法治研究院研究員，社會責任和治理研究中心主任）郭銳博士的研究包括公司法、金融法、人權(quán)法、人工智能倫理與治理等。他畢業(yè)于中國政法大學（法學學士、碩士）和哈佛大學法學院（法學碩士、法學博士）。他擔任國家信息標準化委員會人工智能專業(yè)委員會委員、界面交互專業(yè)委員會委員、全國標準化委員會人工智能總體組社會倫理研究負責人，他參與了中國第*個以人工智能標準化為主題的白皮書的寫作并撰寫“安全、隱私和倫理”部分（《人工智能標準化白皮書（2018）》已于2018年發(fā)布），并主持撰寫了國家標準委人工智能總體組《人工智能倫理風險研究》報告 （2019年5月發(fā)布）。Rui Guo（Associate Professor of Law at Renmin University of China， researcher of RUC’s Institute of Law and Technology， and Director of Center for Social Responsibility and Governance）. Dr. Rui Guo researches on corporate law， financial regulations， human rights， and the ethics of Artificial Intelligence. He graduated from China University of Political Science and Law（LL.B & LL.M） and Harvard Law School （LL.M & S.J.D）. Dr. Rui Guo is a member of the Sub-Committee of Artificial Intelligence， National Standardization Committee of Information Technology， and is the Lead Expert for the Research Group on Ethics of Artificial Intelligence of the Artificial Intelligence Working Group， Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China（SAC）. He participated in the drafting of the first AI standardization white paper（published in 2018） and led the drafting of AI Ethical Risk Research Report （published in May 2019 by Artificial Intelligence Working Group， SAC）.
Table of Content Introduction I. The Anachronistic AI Ethics II. The Crisis of Ethical Knowledge III. The Ultimate Dilemma of AI Ethics IV. Shortcomings of the Ethical Algorithm V. Ethical Risk Management in AI VI. The Game We Can't Leave Chapter 1. Where the Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence Come from I. Technical Features and Ethical Issues of AI II. Basic Principles of AI Ethics III. Typical AI Ethical Issues Chapter 2: Privacy in the Shadow of Big Data: a Case of Precision Marketing I. Precision Marketing: the Business Value of Personal Data II. The Doubt on Big Data III. The Possibility of Privacy and the Dispersion of Hume’s Panopticon IV. The Right to Privacy and the Moral Agency of the Human Person Chapter 3 Attentiveness and Betrayal of Algorithm I. Recommendation System: Bite Dance as an Example II. Ethical Risks of Individualized Recommendation System III. Algorithms and the Diversity of Society Chapter 4 The Myth of Risk Control: an Example from Fin-tech I. The Dilemma of AI Financial Anti-Fraud II. The Overconfident AI Risk Control III. The Inability of Technology and the Ability of the Society Chapter 5 The Dilemma of Machine Decision-making: an Example of Autonomous Driving I. Overview of Autonomous Driving Technology II. The Tram Problem III. Accountability and the Dilemma of Machine Decision-making Chapter 6: The Confusion of Human-machine Relation: the Case of Sex Robot I. Sex Robot as a Control System II. Justification of Control III. The Master-slave Relationship Chapter 7: The Siren Song in the Ear of Power: AI in Public Decision Making I. Ethical issues of AI in Public Decision-making II. Predictive Policing III. Facial Recognition IV. Moving Away from Path Dependency Chapter 8 A Beautiful New World of Rights: AI in Court I. Ethical issues of existing AI applications in court II. Will Justice Be Replaced by Algorithm III. The Ethical Risks of AI Applications in Court IV. Leaving the Brave New World Chapter 9 Risk Management and AI Ethics and Governance I. Indicators of Ethical Risks of AI II. Best Practices for Managing Ethical Risks of AI III. The Ethics Committee: a Case Study Conclusion I. The Perception of Risks II. Planning for Responses III. The Role(s) of the Law
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