骨科手術入路圖解

脊柱，前路手術
Spine, Anterior Approaches /1
1 頸椎與頸胸椎交界區(qū) Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction /2
1.1 C1~C2（C3）經(jīng)口入路 /2
Transoropharyngeal Approach C1-C2(C3)
1.2 C3~T2 前方入路 /4
Anterior Approach to the Cervical Spine C3-T2
1.3 下頸椎及上胸椎前方入路（Cauchoix，Binet 及 Evrard 入路）/13
Anterior Approach to the Lower Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine C4-T3 According to Cauchoix, Binet, and Evrard
2 胸椎 Thoracic Spine /18
2.1 T4~T11 經(jīng)胸腔入路 /18
Transthoracic Approach to the Thoracic Spine T4-T11
2.2 前方經(jīng)胸膜入路顯露 T3~T11（Louis 入路）/29
Anterior Transpleural Approach to the Spine T3-T11 According to Louis
2.3 高位胸廓開胸術（T1~T4）/33
High Thoracotomy T1-T4
2.4 微創(chuàng)胸腔鏡輔助下胸椎手術 /37
Thoracoscopic and Minimally Invasive, Thoracoscopy-Assisted Access to the Thoracic Spine
3 胸腰椎交界區(qū) Thoracolumbar Junction /43
3.1 脊柱 T9~L5 水平經(jīng)腹膜后胸膜外入路（Hodgson 入路）/43
Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine T9-L5 According to Hodgson
3.2 胸腰椎 T4~L5 雙重開胸入路（Bauer 入路）/55
Approach to Thoracolumbar Spine with Two-fold Thoracotomy T4-L5 According to Bauer
3.3 腹膜后胸膜外胸腰椎 T11~L5 入路（Mirbaha 入路）/59
Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach to Thoracolumbar Spine T11-L5 According to Mirbaha
4 腰椎及腰骶椎交界區(qū) Lumbar Spine and Lumbosacral Junction /65
4.1 經(jīng)腹膜后入路顯露 L2~L5 /65
Retroperitoneal Approach to the Lumbar Spine L2-L5
4.2 經(jīng)腹膜入路顯露腰骶椎交界區(qū)（L4~S1）/69
Transperitoneal Approach to the Lumbosacral Junction L4-S1
4.3 微創(chuàng)經(jīng)側方入路顯露 L2~L5 /73
Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine L2-L5
脊柱，后路手術
Spine, Posterior Approaches /77
5 頸椎 Cervical Spine /78
5.1 頸椎與枕頸交界區(qū)后路手術 /78
Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine and Occipitocervical Junction
6 胸椎和腰椎 Thoracic and Lumbar Spine /83
6.1 T3~T10 肋橫突關節(jié)切除入路 /83
Costotransversectomy T3-T10
6.2 胸腰椎后入路 /87
Posterior Approach to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
6.3 腰骶交界區(qū) Wiltse 椎旁肌入路 /93
Paraspinal Approach to the Lumbosacral Junction According to Wiltse
6.4 椎板切開術及椎間盤摘除術的后路短切口入路 /94
Short Posterior Approach to the Lumbar Spine for Laminotomy and Removal of an Intervertebral Disk
骨盆與下肢
Pelvis and Lower Extremity /99
7 骨盆：骨盆環(huán) Pelvis: Pelvic Ring /100
7.1 恥骨聯(lián)合與骨盆前環(huán)入路 /100
Approach to the Symphysis and Anterior Pelvis
7.2 骨盆后環(huán)前方入路 /102
Anterior Approach to the Posterior Pelvis
7.3 骶骨后側入路 /104
Posterior Approach to the Sacrum
7.4 置入骶髂螺釘?shù)膫确轿?chuàng)入路 /105
Lateral Minimally Invasive Approach for Trans-sacroiliac Screw Placement
7.5 坐骨和恥骨入路 /106
Approach to the Ischium and Pubis
8 骨盆：髖臼 Pelvis: Acetabulum /109
8.1 髂腹股溝入路（Letournel 入路）/109
Ilioinguinal Approach According to Letournel
8.2 髖關節(jié)后側入路（Kocher-Langenbeck 入路）/114
Posterior Approach to the Hip According to Kocher-Langenbeck
8.3 前側微創(chuàng)入路（Stoppa 入路）/118
Anterior Limited Approach According to Stoppa
8.4 Judet 經(jīng)髂骨入路 /120
Transiliac Approach According to Judet
8.5 Judet 髖臼入路 /124
Approach to the Acetabulum According to Judet
9 髖關節(jié) Hip Joint /128
9.1 髖關節(jié)脫位后側入路（Ganz 入路）/128
Posterior Approach to the Hip Joint with Dislocation According to Ganz
9.2 后側微創(chuàng)入路 /131
Posterior Minimally Invasive Approach
9.3 經(jīng)臀肌入路（Bauer 入路）/135
Transgluteal Approach According to Bauer
9.4 經(jīng)臀肌微創(chuàng)入路 /138
Minimally Invasive Transgluteal Approach
9.5 髖關節(jié)前外側入路 /141
Anterolateral Approach to the Hip Joint
9.6 髖關節(jié)前外側微創(chuàng)入路 /145
Minimally Invasive Anterolateral Approach to the Hip Joint
9.7 髖關節(jié)前側入路 /149
Anterior Approach to the Hip Joint
9.8 前側微創(chuàng)入路 /152
Anterior Minimally Invasive Approach
9.9 髖關節(jié)關節(jié)鏡入路 /156
Arthroscopic Approaches to the Hip Joint
10 股骨 Femur /161
10.1 前側入路 /161
Anterior Approach
10.2 股骨骨髓腔的外側近端入路 /164
Lateral Proximal Approach to the Medullary Cavity of the Femur
10.3 股骨外側入路 /165
Lateral Approach to the Femur
 10.3a 外側入路：常規(guī)顯露 /165
 Lateral Approach—General Points
 10.3b 外側入路：顯露股骨近端 /165
 Lateral Approach—Exposure of the Proximal Femur
 10.3c 外側入路：顯露股骨遠端 /168
 Lateral Approach—Exposure of the Distal Femur
10.4 外側微創(chuàng)入路 /171
Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Femur
10.5 內(nèi)側入路 /173
Medial Approach to the Femur
10.6 后側入路 /177
Posterior Approach to Femur
10.7 股骨遠端經(jīng)關節(jié)的髓腔入路 /182
Transarticular Medullary Cavity Approach to the Distal Femur
11 膝關節(jié) Knee /183
11.1 前內(nèi)側微創(chuàng)入路 /183
Anteromedial Minimally Invasive Approaches to the Knee Joint
11.2 前內(nèi)側髕旁入路 /187
Anteromedial Parapatellar Approach
11.3 小切口內(nèi)側入路 /193
Short Medial Approach to the Knee
11.4 前外側入路 /195
Anterolateral Approach to the Knee Joint
11.5 后外側入路（Henderson 入路）/197
Posterolateral Approach According to Henderson
11.6 后側入路（Trickey 入路）/199
Posterior Approach to the Knee Joint According to Trickey
11.7 關節(jié)鏡入路 /204
Arthroscopic Approaches
12 小腿 Lower Leg /207
12.1 脛骨骨髓腔的近端入路 /207
Proximal Approach to the Medullary Cavity of the Tibia
12.2 脛骨平臺的直接后側入路 /209
Direct Posterior Approach to the Tibial Plateau
12.3 脛骨平臺的后內(nèi)側入路 /211
Posteromedial Approach to the Tibial Plateau
12.4 經(jīng)腓骨截骨的脛骨平臺后外側入路 /213
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibial Plateau with Osteotomy of the Fibula
12.5 脛腓骨的后外側入路 /216
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibia and Fibula
12.6 脛骨干的后內(nèi)側入路 /220
Posteromedial Approach to the Tibial Shaft
12.7 脛骨內(nèi)側和外側微創(chuàng)入路 /222
Minimally Invasive Approach to the Medial and Lateral Tibia
12.8 腓骨外側入路 /227
Lateral Approach to the Fibula
13 足 Foot /230
13.1 踝關節(jié)前側入路 /230
Anterior Approach to the Ankle Joint
13.2 踝關節(jié)和距跟舟關節(jié)的前外側入路 /233
Anterolateral Approach to the Ankle Joint and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.3 Cincinnati 入路 /236
Cincinnati Approach
13.4 踝關節(jié)和距跟舟關節(jié)內(nèi)側的后內(nèi)側入路 /241
Posteromedial Approach to the Ankle Joint and the Medial Side of the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.5 踝關節(jié)背外側入路 /246
Dorsolateral Approach to the Ankle Joint
13.6 經(jīng)內(nèi)踝截骨的踝關節(jié)內(nèi)側入路 /249
Medial Exposure of the Ankle Joint with Osteotomy of the Medial Malleolus
13.7 關節(jié)鏡入路 /251
Arthroscopic Approaches
13.8 內(nèi)踝內(nèi)側入路 /253
Medial Approach to the Medial Malleolus
13.9 外踝入路 /254
Approach to the Lateral Malleolus
13.10 跟骨外側入路 /255
Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus
13.11 跟骨和距跟舟關節(jié)的外側入路 /256
Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.12 跟骨內(nèi)側入路 /258
Medial Approach to the Calcaneus
13.13 距跟舟關節(jié)外側入路 /259
Lateral Approach to the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.14 跖骨關節(jié)前側入路 /262
Anterior Approach to the Metatarsal Joints
13.15 跖跗關節(jié)內(nèi)側入路 /264
Medial Approach to the Tarsometatarsal Joints
13.16 跖趾關節(jié)足底入路 /267
Plantar Approach to the Metatarsophalangeal Joints
13.17 第 1 跖趾關節(jié)內(nèi)側入路 /270
Medial Approach to the Metatarsophalangeal Joint of the Great Toe
13.18 跖骨、跖趾關節(jié)和趾間關節(jié)后側入路 /272
Posterior Approaches to the Metatarsal Bones, Metatarsophalangeal Joint, and Interphalangeal Joint
13.19 趾屈肌腱的足底入路 /272
Plantar Approach to the Toe Flexor Tendons
13.20 第 2 趾伸肌入路 /273
Extensor Approach to the Second Toe
肩部與上肢
Shoulder and Upper Extremity /277
14 肩胛骨與鎖骨 Scapula and Clavicle /278
14.1 鎖骨與肩鎖關節(jié)的手術入路 /278
Approach to the Clavicle and Acromioclavicular Joint
14.2 胸鎖關節(jié)的手術入路 /280
Approach to the Sternoclavicular Joint
14.3 肩胛骨的手術入路 /281
Approach to the Scapula
15 肩關節(jié) Shoulder /287
15.1 肩關節(jié)前方入路 /287
Anterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.2 顯露肱骨近端的肩關節(jié)前方延長入路 /292
Extended Anterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint with Exposure of the Proximal Humerus
15.3 肩關節(jié)前上入路 /293
Anterosuperior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.4 前外側入路（Bigliani 入路）/294
Anterolateral Approach According to Bigliani
15.5 后上方入路（Gschwend 入路）/296
Posterosuperior Approach According to Gschwend
15.6 肩關節(jié)后方入路 /297
Posterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.7 肩關節(jié)鏡手術入路 /299
Arthroscopic Approach to the Shoulder
16 肱骨 Humerus /306
16.1 肱骨近端手術入路 /306
Proximal Approach to the Humerus
16.2 肱骨后方入路 /307
Posterior Approach to the Humerus
16.3 肱骨遠端后方入路 /310
Distal Posterior Approach to the Humerus
16.4 肱骨前方入路 /311
Anterior Approach to the Humerus
16.5 肱骨外側入路 /316
Lateral Approach to the Humerus
16.6 肱骨內(nèi)側入路 /319
Medial Approach to the Humerus
17 肘關節(jié) Elbow /322
17.1 肘關節(jié)后方入路 /322
Posterior Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.2 肘關節(jié)外側入路 /329
Lateral Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.3 肘關節(jié)內(nèi)側入路 /334
Medial Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.4 肘關節(jié)前方入路 /337
Anterior Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.5 肘關節(jié)鏡入路 /342
Approaches for Elbow Arthroscopy
18 前臂 Forearm /346
18.1 橈骨前方入路（Henry 入路）/346
Anterior Approach to the Radius According to Henry
18.2 橈骨背外側入路（Thompson 入路）/349
Dorsolateral Approach to the Radius According to Thompson
18.3 近端橈骨與尺骨手術入路（Boyd 入路）/352
Approach to the Proximal Parts of the Radius and Ulna According to Boyd
18.4 尺骨外側入路 /354
Lateral Approach to the Ulna
18.5 橈骨遠端的背側入路 /356
Posterior Approach to the Distal Part of the Radius
18.6 尺骨遠端的手術入路 /358
Approach to the Distal Portion of the Ulna
18.7 橈骨遠端的掌側入路 /359
Palmar Approach to the Distal Part of the Radius
19 腕關節(jié) Wrist /362
19.1 鏡下腕管松解的微創(chuàng)入路 /362
Minimally Invasive Approach for Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Division
19.2 腕關節(jié)的背側入路 /365
Posterior Approach to the Wrist
19.3 腕關節(jié)的掌側入路 /368
Palmar Approach to the Wrist
19.4 腕關節(jié)鏡入路 /372
Approach for Arthroscopy
20 手部 Hand /376
20.1 手部掌側入路（Skoog 入路）/376
Approach to the Palm According to Skoog
20.2 Guyon 管尺神經(jīng)顯露 /380
Exposure of the Ulnar Nerve in the Canal of Guyon
20.3 腕舟骨的掌側入路 /382
Palmar Approach to the Scaphoid
20.4 拇指腕掌關節(jié)的入路 /384
Approach to the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
20.5 第 1 伸肌間室的入路 /386
Approach to the First Extensor Tendon Compartment
20.6 手背和手指的背側切口 /387
Dorsal Incisions Over the Dorsum of the Hand and Fingers
 20.6a 背側切口：常規(guī)顯露 /387
 Dorsal Incisions—General Points
 20.6b 掌指關節(jié)的背側入路 /387
 Dorsal Approach to the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
 20.6c 近節(jié)指間關節(jié)的背側入路 /389
 Dorsal Approach to the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
 20.6d 需要切斷側副韌帶的近側指間關節(jié)背側入路 /390
 Dorsal Approach to the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Involving Transection of the Collateral Ligament
 20.6e 遠側指間關節(jié)的背側入路 /392
 Dorsal Approach to the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
20.7 手指屈肌腱的入路 /393
Approach to the Finger Flexor Tendons
20.8 指屈肌腱和近側指間關節(jié)的掌側顯露 /395
Palmar Exposure of the Flexor Tendon and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
20.9 指屈肌腱的側方中線切口 /397
Approach to the Finger Flexor Tendon Via the Midlateral Incision
20.10 拇指環(huán)形韌帶的入路 /400
Approach to the Annular Ligament of the Thumb
附錄  專業(yè)術語英漢對照 /404