Chapter 1 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure(化學鍵與分子結構) 1 1.1 Localized chemical bonding(定域化學鍵) 1 1.2 Dipole moments(偶極矩) 3 1.3 Inductive effects and field effects(誘導效應和場效應) 4 1.4 Delocalized chemical bonding(離域共價鍵) 6 1.5 Resonance structures(共振結構) 8 1.6 Conjugative effect(共軛效應) 9 1.7 Hyperconjugative effect(超共軛效應) 11 1.8 Steric effect(立體效應) 12 1.9 Aromaticity and Hückel’s rule(芳香性與休克爾規(guī)則) 14 Problems 23 Vocabulary 25
Chapter 2 Stereochemistry(立體化學) 26 2.1 Enantiomers(對映異構體) 27 2.2 Resolution of racemates(外消旋體的拆分) 37 2.3 The stereochemistry in reaction process(反應過程中的立體化學) 40 Problems 49 Vocabulary 50
Chapter 3 Mechanisms of Organic Reactions(有機反應機理) 51 3.1 Types of reaction mechanisms(反應機理的類型) 51 3.2 The properties and characteristics of organic reactions(有機反應的性質和特點) 56 3.3 How do organic reactions occur: mechanisms(有機反應如何發(fā)生:機理) 59 3.4 Describing a reaction: intermediates(反應的描述:中間體) 62 3.5 Methods of determining mechanisms(確定反應機理的方法) 68 Problems 70 Vocabulary 72
Chapter 4 Nucleophilic Substitution(親核取代反應) 73 4.1 Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitutions(親核取代反應的機理) 74 4.2 Stereochemistry of nucleophilic substitutions(親核取代反應的立體化學) 76 4.3 Nucleophiles and nucleophilicity(親核試劑和親核性) 77 4.4 The factors that can influence the rates of SN1, SN2 reactions(影響單分子、雙分子親核取代反應速率的因素) 79 4.5 Neighboring-group participation effect(鄰基參與效應) 83 Problems 87 Vocabulary 88
Chapter 5 Addition and Elimination Reactions(加成與消除反應) 90 5.1 Electrophilic addition reactions(親電加成反應) 90 5.2 Elimination reactions(消除反應) 95 5.3 Competition between elimination and substitution(消除反應與取代反應的競爭) 102 Problems 103 Vocabulary 105
Chapter 6 Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds(羰基化合物的反應) 106 6.1 The nucleophilic addition reaction mechanisms(親核加成反應機理) 106 6.2 The nucleophilic addition reactions to the carbonyl groups(羰基的親核加成反應) 107 6.3 The addition and elimination reactions(加成與消除反應) 111 6.4 The reactivity and stereoselectivity of nucleophilic additions(親核加成反應的活性和立體選擇性) 112 6.5 Condensation reactions(縮合反應) 114 6.6 Reaction with ylides(與葉立德的反應) 121 6.7 The nucleophilic substitutions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives(羧酸及其衍生物的親核取代反應) 122 Problems 125 Vocabulary 127
Chapter 8 Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions(芳香親電取代與親核取代) 150 8.1 Electrophilic aromatic substitution(芳香親電取代) 150 8.2 Specific electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions(特殊的芳香親電取代反應) 151 8.3 Directing effects of substituents(取代基的定位效應) 158 8.4 Effects of multiple substituents on electrophilic aromatic substitution(多取代基對芳香親電取代反應的影響) 160 8.5 Nucleophilic aromatic substitution(芳香親核取代反應) 160 Problems 164 Vocabulary 166
Chapter 9 Oxidation and Reduction Reactions(氧化還原反應) 167 9.1 Oxidation of alkenes and alkynes(烯烴和炔烴的氧化) 167 9.2 Oxidation of alcohols(醇的氧化) 170 9.3 Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones(醛和酮的氧化) 174 9.4 Oxidation of aromatic side chains and the aromatic rings(芳香側鏈和芳環(huán)的氧化) 176 9.5 Reduction reactions(還原反應) 176 9.6 Other reduction reactions(其它還原反應) 186 9.7 Disproportionation reactions(歧化反應) 189 Problems 190 Vocabulary 192