Development of Phase Change Materials Composites and Their Applications in Buildings

Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction and Basic Principles 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Classification of phase change materials (PCMs) and selection 3
1.3 Incorporation of PCMs into construction materials and elements 7
1.3.1 Direct incorporation 8
1.3.2 Immersion 8
1.3.3 Encapsulation 8
1.3 A Shape-stabilized PCM 15
1.4 Measurement of thermal properties of PCM/composite PCM 19
1.4.1 Differential scanning calorimetry 19
1.4.2 T-history method 19
1.5 Thermal conductivity enhancement of PCM 19
1.6 Building applications for phase change materials 21
1.7 Summary 31
References 32
Chapter 2 PCM/Powder Composites for Building Applications 37
2.1 Introduction 37
2.1.1 Kaolin and slag 37
2.1.2 Glass powder 39
2.2 PCM/kaolin and slag composites for building applications 40
2.2.1 Experimental investigation 40
2.2.2 Test methods for characterization of the composite PCMs 41
2.2.3 Test results and discussion 45
2.3 PCM/Glass powder composites for building applications 56
2.3.1 Experimental program 56
2.3.2 Characterization of the form-stable composite PCM 59
2.3.3 Thermal performance test 59
2.3.4 Test results and discussion 60
2.4 Conclusions 69
References 71
Chapter 3 Micro-encapsulated PCMs for Building Applications 76
3.1 Introduction of micro-encapsulated PCM (MPCM) 76
3.2 Micro-encapsulated PCMs for energy storage in buildings 81
3.2.1 Experimental investigation 81
3.2.2 Preparation of micro-encapsulated paraffin 81
3.2.3 Preparation of cement paste specimens with MPCM 83
3.2.4 Test methods for properties of the materials 84
3.2.5 Test results and discussion 85
3.3 Graphite-modified micro-encapsulated PCMs and the resulting cement based composites 95
3.3.1 Experimental work 95
3.3.2 Preparation of GM-MPCM 95
3.3.3 Preparation of mortar with GM-MPCM 97
3.3.4 Test methods for properties of the materials 98
3.3.5 Thermal performance test 101
3.4 Summary 115
References 116
Chapter 4 Macro-encapsulated PCM for Building Applications 121
4.1 Introduction to macro-encapsulated PCM 121
4.2 Macro-encapsulated PCM by hollow steel ball 124
4.2.1 Experimental work 124
4.2.2 Results and discussion 131
4.3 Macro-encapsulated PCM in metal box 137
4.4 Experimental assessment of position of macro-encapsulated PCM in
concrete walls on indoor temperatures 137
4.4.1 Materials selection and characterization 137
4.4.2 Test location and details of the room models 138
4.4.3 Results and discussion 140
4.5 Summary 149
References 151
Chapter 5 PCM Structural-functional Integrated Cement-Based Materials 154
5.1 Introduction to PCM/lightweight aggregate (LWA) 154
5.2 Materials， preparation and characterization of the PCM-LWA 156
5.2.1 Materials 156
5.2.2 Preparation of macro-encapsulated paraffin-LWA 157
5.2.3 Test methods 159
5.3 Materials and mix design-thermal energy storage LWA concrete (LWAC) 162
5.4 Experimental investigation 163
5.4.1 Test Methods for determining the properties of NWAC 163
5.4.2 Thermal performance of thermal energy storage LWAC—indoor testing 165
5.5 Test results and discussion 166
5.5.1 Scanning electron microscopy of LWA 166
5.5.2 Thermal conductivity improvement of macro-encapsulated paraffin-LWA 167
5.5.3 FT-IR spectroscopy anafysis of macro-encapsulated parafi5n-LWA 168
5.5.4 Thermal properties of macro-encapsulated paraffin-LWA 171
5.5.5 Thermal stability of macro-encapsulated paraffin-LWA 172
5.5.6 Thermal reliability of macro-encapsulated paraffin-LWA 173
5.5.7 Compressive strength of thermal energy storage NWAC 175
5.6 Summary 177
References 177
Chapter 6 Numerical Simulation of PCM in Buildings 180
6.1 Introduction to simulation methods for PCM 180
6.2 A numerical simulation for PCM application in different climates 181
6.2.1 Description of simulated building 181
6.2.2 Climate in five cities of China 183
6.2.3 Simulation details 184
6.2.4 Validation 186
6.3 Test results and discussion 188
6.3.1 Analysis of indoor temperature simulation 188
6.3.2 Analysis of building energy efficiency simulation 194
6.4 The simulation of PCM installed in different position of building envelopes 198
6.4.1 Comparison of indoor temperature 199
6.4.2 Comparison of building energy efficiency 201
6.5 Summary 202
References 202
Chapter 7 Economic Analysis for PCM Application 204
7.2 Static and dynamic economic analysis 205
7.2.1 Economic analysis procedure 205
7.2.2 Static economic analysis methods 207
7.2.3 Dynamic economic analysis methods 209
7.2.4 Parameter setting in economic analysis 211
7.3 The investment composition and income of PCMs technical scheme 212
7.3.1 Composition of cost of energy-saving scheme 212
7.3.2 Payback period results and discussion 212
7.4 Life cycle cost analysis for PCM application 216
7.4.1 PCMs scheme