1 Epidemiology 1．1 Incidence in Developed Countries and Regions 1．2 Incidence in Developing Countries and Regions References 2 Etiology 2．1 Biological Characteristics of Free-Living Amoeba 2．2 Acanthamoeba spp 2．2．1 Trophozoite 2．2．2 Cyst 2．2．3 Classification of Acanthamoeba 2．2．4 Genotyping Identification of Acanthamoeba Strains in the Natural Environment 2．3 Naegleria spp 2．3．1 Trophozoite 2．3．2 Cyst References 3 Pathological Mechanisms and Immunological Reactions 3．1 Pathological Mechanisms 3．1．1 Adhesive Attraction to the Corneal Epithelium 3．1．2 Non-contact Cytolysis Induced by Protease 3．1．3 Contact-Dependent Cytolysis 3．1．4 Apoptosis Mediated by Acanthamoeba 3．1．5 Cytokines 3．2 Immunological Reactions 3．2．1 Non-specific Immunoreaction 3．2．2 Specific Immunoreaction 3．2．3 Preventive Immunoreaction References 4 Clinical Manifestations 4．1 General Conditions 4．1．1 Distribution Characteristics of Ages 4．1．2 Distribution Characteristics of Genders 4．1．3 Distribution Characteristics of Occupations 4．1．4 Risk Factors 4．1．5 Seasonal Morbidity 4．2 Clinical Symptoms 4．3 Clinical Signs 4．3．1 Early Stage 4．3．2 Advanced Stage 4．3．3 Late Stage 4．4 Coinfection 4．5 Complications 4．5．1 Anterior Uveitis 4．5．2 Intraocular Hypertension or Secondary Glaucoma 4．5．3 Anterior Scleritis 4．5．4 Complicated Cataract References 5 Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 5．1 Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis 5．1．1 Clinical Diagnosis 5．1．2 Etiological Diagnosis 5．2 Differential Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis 5．2．1 Key Points for Differential Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis from Viral Keratitis 5．2．2 Key Points of Differential Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis from Fungal Keratitis 5．2．3 Key Points of Differential Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis froln Bacterial Keratitis References 6 Laboratory Examination 6．1 Method of the Cornea Sample Collection 6．1．1 Sample Collection for the Cornea Smear Cytology Examination 6．1．2 Sample Collection for the Culture of Acanthamoeba 6．2 Conventional Methods of Examination 6．2．1 Smear Cytological Examination of the Corneal Scraping 6．2．2 Cultivation of Acanthamoeba 6．2．3 Test of In Vitro Susceptibility to Acanthamoeba 6．2．4 Histopathological Examination 6．2．5 Flagellation Test 6．3 Special Examination Methods 6．3．1 Special Staining Methods 6．3．2 Electron Microscope Examination 6．3．3 Molecular Biology Examination References 7 Treatment ofAcanthamoeba Keratitis 7．1 Anti-amoebic Drugs 7．1．1 Aromatic Diamidines 7．1．2 Cationic Biguanide Disinfectants 7．1．3 Imidazoles 7．1．4 Aminoglycosides 7．1．5 Drug Susceptibility 7．1．6 Effect of Glucocorticoids 7．1．7 Novel Anti-amoebic Drugs Investigated 7．2 Clinical Therapeutic Principles and Regimens 7．2．1 Therapeutic Principles 7．2．2 Therapeutic Regimens 7．3 Surgical Management 7．3．1 Debridement and Cautery of the Corneal Ulcer 7．3．2 Excision of Necrotic Tissues of the Corneal Lesions and Amniotic Membrane Transplantation 7．3．3 Corneal Transplantation 7．4 Typical Case Reports 7．4．1 Case 1 ： Bilateral Acanthamoeba Keratitis Related to Orthokeratology 7．4．2 Case 2： Acanthamoeba Keratitis Related to Vegetant Trauma 7．4．3 Case 3： Acanthamoeba Keratitis Coinfected with Fungal Infection 7．4．4 Case 4： Acanthamoeba Keratitis Caused by a Splashed Insect 7．4．5 Case 5： Acanthamoeba Keratitis Related to Orthokeratology 7．5 Dispensing Method of Anti-amoebic Eye Drops in Hospital References Index
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