導(dǎo)彈火工品及其安全性

第1 章 緒論 ··············································································································· 1

1.1 導(dǎo)彈概述 ······································································································ 1

1.2 火工品概念 ·································································································· 4

1.3 導(dǎo)彈火工品用途 ·························································································· 5

1.3.1 點火作用 ··························································································· 7

1.3.2 起爆作用 ························································································· 11

1.3.3 做功作用 ························································································· 15

1.4 導(dǎo)彈火工品分類 ························································································ 16

1.5 導(dǎo)彈火工品特點 ························································································ 18

1.6 導(dǎo)彈火工品戰(zhàn)術(shù)技術(shù)要求········································································· 19

本章小結(jié) ············································································································ 21

思考題 ················································································································ 21

第2 章 火工品藥劑 ································································································· 22

2.1 起爆藥 ········································································································ 22

2.1.1 起爆藥特性 ····················································································· 22

2.1.2 幾種常用起爆藥 ············································································· 28

2.1.3 對起爆藥的要求 ············································································· 40

2.2 猛炸藥 ········································································································ 41

2.2.1 太安 ································································································· 41

2.2.2 黑索金 ····························································································· 43

2.2.3 奧克托金 ························································································· 45

2.2.4 特屈兒 ····························································································· 47

2.3 點火藥 ········································································································ 49

2.4 延期藥 ········································································································ 53

本章小結(jié) ············································································································ 56

思考題 ················································································································ 56

第3 章 典型導(dǎo)彈火工品 ························································································· 57

3.1 點火類火工品 ···························································································· 57

3.1.1 煙火劑點火器 ················································································· 58

3.1.2 點火發(fā)動機 ····················································································· 62

3.1.3 隔板點火器 ····················································································· 63

3.2 起爆類火工品 ···························································································· 64

3.2.1 雷管 ································································································· 64

3.2.2 導(dǎo)爆藥柱 ························································································· 87

3.2.3 傳爆管 ····························································································· 90

3.3 做功類火工品 ···························································································· 94

3.3.1 燃氣發(fā)生器 ····················································································· 94

3.3.2 電爆管 ····························································································· 97

3.3.3 作動裝置 ························································································· 98

3.3.4 點式分離火工裝置 ······································································· 103

3.3.5 線型分離火工裝置 ······································································· 110

3.4 索類火工品 ······························································································ 115

3.4.1 導(dǎo)火索 ··························································································· 116

3.4.2 導(dǎo)爆索 ··························································································· 120

本章小結(jié) ·········································································································· 125

思考題 ·············································································································· 126

第4 章 新型火工品技術(shù) ······················································································· 127

4.1 半導(dǎo)體橋起爆點火技術(shù) ·········································································· 127

4.1.1 結(jié)構(gòu)組成 ······················································································· 127

4.1.2 工作原理 ······················································································· 130

4.1.3 主要特點 ······················································································· 132

4.1.4 典型應(yīng)用 ······················································································· 133

4.2 直列式起爆點火技術(shù) ·············································································· 136

4.2.1 系統(tǒng)組成 ······················································································· 136

4.2.2 沖擊片雷管 ··················································································· 138

4.2.3 沖擊片點火管 ··············································································· 143

4.3 激光起爆點火技術(shù) ·················································································· 146

4.3.1 激光起爆點火機理 ······································································· 146

4.3.2 激光點火技術(shù) ··············································································· 147

4.3.3 激光起爆技術(shù) ··············································································· 151

4.4 MEMS 火工品技術(shù) ················································································· 154

4.4.1 MEMS 火工器件特點 ··································································· 155

4.4.2 MEMS 火工技術(shù)應(yīng)用 ··································································· 156

本章小結(jié) ·········································································································· 160

思考題 ·············································································································· 160

第5 章 火工品固有安全性 ··················································································· 161

5.1 火工品藥劑安全 ······················································································ 161

5.1.1 火工品藥劑的不安定因素 ···························································· 161

5.1.2 高安全火工藥劑 ··········································································· 165

5.2 火工品安全設(shè)計 ······················································································ 167

5.2.1 安全編碼技術(shù) ··············································································· 168

5.2.2 抗雜散電流技術(shù) ··········································································· 169

5.2.3 抗靜電技術(shù) ··················································································· 170

5.2.4 抗射頻技術(shù) ··················································································· 173

5.3 火工品供電安全 ······················································································ 175

5.3.1 火工品點火電路 ··········································································· 176

5.3.2 引信供電電路 ··············································································· 179

本章小結(jié) ·········································································································· 181

思考題 ·············································································································· 181

第6 章 火工品勤務(wù)處理安全 ··············································································· 182

6.1 儲存安全 ·································································································· 182

6.1.1 溫度影響及效應(yīng) ··········································································· 182

6.1.2 濕度影響及效應(yīng) ··········································································· 185

6.1.3 其他因素影響及效應(yīng) ··································································· 187

6.2 轉(zhuǎn)運安全 ·································································································· 188

6.2.1 振動影響及效應(yīng) ··········································································· 189

6.2.2 沖擊影響及效應(yīng) ··········································································· 189

6.3 操作安全 ·································································································· 190

6.3.1 靜電影響及效應(yīng) ··········································································· 191

6.3.2 射頻影響及效應(yīng) ··········································································· 196

本章小結(jié) ·········································································································· 203

思考題 ·············································································································· 203

附錄A 中英導(dǎo)彈火工品常用詞匯對照表 ···························································· 204

附錄B 火工品安全國家軍用標(biāo)準列表 ································································ 210

參考文獻 ·················································································································· 211