電機(jī)和電源控制中的最新微控制器技術(shù)

第1 章 電力電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用綜述············································· 001

1.1 電力電子技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀··················································· 002

1.2 市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景······························································· 005

1.3 未來(lái)發(fā)展方向展望························································· 010

1.4 小結(jié)··········································································· 011

第2 章 電機(jī)和電源控制簡(jiǎn)介················································· 013

2.1 常見(jiàn)電機(jī)類型及其控制技術(shù)············································· 014

2.1.1 直流電機(jī)····························································· 014

2.1.2 交流電機(jī)····························································· 016

2.2 常見(jiàn)電力電子變換拓?fù)洹ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?nbsp;020

2.2.1 整流電路····························································· 021

2.2.2 降壓斬波電路······················································ 024

2.2.3 升壓斬波電路······················································· 025

2.2.4 升降壓斬波電路···················································· 025

2.2.5 諧振變換器電路···················································· 026

2.3 感應(yīng)式無(wú)線充電技術(shù)······················································ 029

2.4 小結(jié)··········································································· 031

第3 章 電機(jī)和電源控制中的微控制器技術(shù)介紹······················ 033

3.1 典型電機(jī)和電源數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)···································· 034

3.2 電機(jī)和電源控制中的微控制器技術(shù)概況······························ 036

3.2.1 電機(jī)和電源控制中的微控制器技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀················ 037

3.2.2 電機(jī)和電源控制中的微控制器技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)················ 041

3.2.3 恩智浦半導(dǎo)體電機(jī)和電源微控制器產(chǎn)品路線規(guī)劃

及主要特點(diǎn)·························································· 043

3.3 小結(jié)··········································································· 046

第4 章 控制軟件編程基礎(chǔ)及相關(guān)調(diào)試技術(shù)····························· 049

4.1 數(shù)字控制軟件編程基礎(chǔ)··················································· 050

4.1.1 信號(hào)數(shù)字化處理···················································· 050

4.1.2 變量定標(biāo)····························································· 052

4.1.3 參數(shù)標(biāo)幺表示······················································· 053

4.2 實(shí)時(shí)控制軟件架構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)介············································· 054

4.2.1 狀態(tài)機(jī)································································ 054

4.2.2 時(shí)序調(diào)度機(jī)制······················································· 057

4.3 實(shí)時(shí)控制軟件開(kāi)發(fā)及調(diào)試················································ 058

4.3.1 實(shí)時(shí)控制軟件庫(kù)的應(yīng)用··········································· 058

4.3.2 實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)試工具······················································· 064

4.3.3 相關(guān)調(diào)試技巧······················································· 068

4.4 小結(jié)··········································································· 070

第5 章 永磁同步電機(jī)的數(shù)字控制·········································· 071

5.1 永磁同步電機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型················································ 072

5.1.1 三相永磁同步電機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型···································· 073

5.1.2 兩相靜止坐標(biāo)系的數(shù)學(xué)模型···································· 074

5.1.3 兩相轉(zhuǎn)子同步坐標(biāo)系的數(shù)學(xué)模型······························ 075

5.1.4 坐標(biāo)變換····························································· 077

5.2 永磁同步電機(jī)的磁場(chǎng)定向控制·········································· 078

5.2.1 電流控制環(huán)························································· 079

5.2.2 轉(zhuǎn)速控制環(huán)························································· 082

5.3 最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比和弱磁控制············································· 083

5.3.1 最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比控制············································· 084

5.3.2 弱磁控制····························································· 087

5.4 無(wú)位置傳感器控制························································· 092

5.4.1 基于反電動(dòng)勢(shì)的位置估計(jì)······································· 092

5.4.2 基于高頻信號(hào)注入的位置估計(jì)································· 096

5.4.3 基于定子磁通的位置估計(jì)······································· 099

5.5 電機(jī)控制所需的微控制器資源·········································· 102

5.5.1 脈沖寬度調(diào)制器（PWM） ······································ 103

5.5.2 模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器（ADC） ············································ 105

5.5.3 正交解碼器（DEC） ············································· 105

5.5.4 定時(shí)器（Timer） ·················································· 106

5.5.5 PWM 和ADC 硬件同步·········································· 106

5.6 典型永磁同步電機(jī)控制方案············································· 107

5.6.1 帶位置傳感器的伺服控制······································· 107

5.6.2 無(wú)位置傳感器的磁場(chǎng)定向控制································· 109

5.6.3 典型案例分析—風(fēng)機(jī)控制···································· 110

5.7 小結(jié)··········································································· 125

第6 章 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的數(shù)字控制·········································· 127

6.1 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)模型························································· 128

6.1.1 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的本體結(jié)構(gòu)········································ 128

6.1.2 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型········································ 129

6.2 六步換相控制及所需的微控制器資源································· 131

6.2.1 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)六步換相控制的基本原理······················ 131

6.2.2 六步換相PWM 調(diào)制方式及其對(duì)電壓和電流的影響······· 133

6.2.3 六步換相無(wú)傳感器控制··········································· 138

6.2.4 六步換相控制所需的微控制器資源···························· 140

6.3 典型無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)控制方案············································· 141

6.3.1 基于KE02 的無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)無(wú)位置傳感器控制············· 142

6.3.2 基于MC9S08SU16 的無(wú)人機(jī)電調(diào)解決方案·················· 148

6.4 小結(jié)··········································································· 152

第7 章 開(kāi)關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的數(shù)字控制·········································· 153

7.1 開(kāi)關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的基本工作原理·········································· 154

7.1.1 電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)····························································· 154

7.1.2 電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩的產(chǎn)生···················································· 155

7.1.3 繞組反電動(dòng)勢(shì)······················································· 157

7.2 兩相SRM 的數(shù)字控制···················································· 158

7.2.1 PWM 控制下的繞組導(dǎo)通模式··································· 159

7.2.2 電壓控制方法······················································· 160

7.2.3 檢測(cè)電流峰值的無(wú)位置傳感器控制方法······················ 161

7.2.4 電機(jī)從靜止開(kāi)始起動(dòng)·············································· 163

7.2.5 電機(jī)從非靜止時(shí)開(kāi)始起動(dòng)········································ 166

7.2.6 兩相SRM 數(shù)字控制所需的微控制器資源··················· 166

7.3 典型方案分析—高速真空吸塵器···································· 167

7.3.1 系統(tǒng)介紹····························································· 167

7.3.2 相電流與母線電壓的檢測(cè)······································· 170

7.3.3 電機(jī)的控制流程··················································· 175

7.3.4 峰值電流的檢測(cè)方法············································· 184

7.4 小結(jié)··········································································· 185

第8 章 交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)的數(shù)字控制·········································· 187

8.1 交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)模型························································· 188

8.1.1 交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)的本體結(jié)構(gòu)······································· 188

8.1.2 交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)的控制方法概述································· 190

8.1.3 交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型······································· 191

8.2 轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈定向控制························································· 194

8.2.1 最大轉(zhuǎn)矩電流比控制············································· 196

8.2.2 交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)弱磁控制·········································· 198

8.2.3 定子電壓解耦······················································ 199

8.2.4 帶位置傳感器時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈位置估算··························· 200

8.2.5 無(wú)位置傳感器控制················································ 201

8.3 典型交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)控制方案············································· 206

8.3.1 控制環(huán)路介紹······················································ 207

8.3.2 低成本電流及轉(zhuǎn)速采樣實(shí)現(xiàn)方案······························ 209

8.3.3 轉(zhuǎn)子時(shí)間常數(shù)校正················································ 214

8.3.4 應(yīng)用軟件設(shè)計(jì)······················································ 215

8.3.5 系統(tǒng)時(shí)序設(shè)計(jì)······················································ 216

8.4 小結(jié)··········································································· 218

第9 章 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的數(shù)字控制················································· 219

9.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)工作原理························································· 220

9.1.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)介·············································· 220

9.1.2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作原理簡(jiǎn)介········································ 221

9.2 位置開(kāi)環(huán)的細(xì)分控制及所需的微控制器資源························ 223

9.2.1 細(xì)分控制····························································· 223

9.2.2 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路和PWM 方法··········································· 225

9.2.3 步進(jìn)電機(jī)位置開(kāi)環(huán)的控制結(jié)構(gòu)·································· 228

9.3 位置閉環(huán)的矢量控制及所需的微控制器資源························ 229

9.3.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)矢量控制················································· 229

9.3.2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)弱磁控制················································· 231

9.3.3 步進(jìn)伺服的典型控制結(jié)構(gòu)········································ 234

9.3.4 轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算原理及結(jié)合微控制器的應(yīng)用························· 235

9.4 典型步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制方案··················································· 239

9.5 小結(jié)··········································································· 245

第10 章 AC/DC 變換器的數(shù)字控制······································· 247

10.1 AC/DC 變換器工作原理················································· 248

10.1.1 PFC 基本工作原理··············································· 249

10.1.2 LLC 諧振變換器基本工作原理································ 251

10.2 PFC 的數(shù)字控制··························································· 254

10.2.1 控制策略··························································· 254

10.2.2 電流控制器設(shè)計(jì)·················································· 255

10.2.3 PFC 數(shù)字控制所需的微控制器資源·························· 257

10.3 LLC 的數(shù)字控制·························································· 259

10.3.1 控制策略··························································· 259

10.3.2 LLC 諧振變換器數(shù)字控制所需的微控制器資源·········· 262

10.4 典型案例分析—高效服務(wù)器電源·································· 263

10.4.1 圖騰柱無(wú)橋PFC 系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)····································· 264

10.4.2 LLC 諧振變換器系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)····································· 268

10.5 小結(jié)········································································· 274

第11 章 感應(yīng)式無(wú)線充電的數(shù)字控制····································· 275

11.1 感應(yīng)式無(wú)線充電工作原理·············································· 276

11.1.1 能量的傳輸方式·················································· 277

11.1.2 通信方式及解調(diào)簡(jiǎn)介············································ 279

11.2 無(wú)線充電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Qi ························································· 281

11.2.1 通信方式詳述····················································· 281

11.2.2 系統(tǒng)控制··························································· 283

11.3 Qi 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)感應(yīng)式無(wú)線充電微控制器··································· 289

11.3.1 無(wú)線充電微控制器介紹········································· 289

11.3.2 Qi 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)無(wú)線充電發(fā)射器硬件模塊···························· 291

11.3.3 無(wú)線充電發(fā)射器軟件架構(gòu)及重要功能實(shí)現(xiàn)················· 293

11.3.4 無(wú)線充電重要功能的數(shù)字實(shí)現(xiàn)方式·························· 296

11.4 無(wú)線充電典型應(yīng)用······················································· 301

11.4.1 消費(fèi)及工業(yè)類無(wú)線充電發(fā)射器································ 301

11.4.2 車載無(wú)線充電發(fā)射器············································ 303

11.4.3 恩智浦半導(dǎo)體無(wú)線充電發(fā)射器主要模塊···················· 305

11.4.4 恩智浦半導(dǎo)體無(wú)線充電接收器簡(jiǎn)介·························· 312

11.4.5 系統(tǒng)主要性能指標(biāo)··············································· 315

11.5 小結(jié)········································································· 318

參考文獻(xiàn)················································································ 319