1 Introduction and Overview Part I Ordered Phases of Condensed Matter Disrupted by Topological Defects 2 The Phenomenological (Landau) Description of the Ordered Condensed Matter from Magnets to Bose Condensates 3 Simplest Topological Defects ?4 Topological Defects and Their Classification Part II Structure of the Topological Matter Created by Gauge Field 5 Repulsion between Solitons and Viable Vortex Matter Created by a Gauge Field? 6 Finite Energy of Abrikosov Vortices Created by the Magnetic Field 7 Structure and Magnetization of the Vortex Lattice within London Approximation ?8 Structure and Magnetization of the Vortex Lattice within Abrikosov Approximation Part III Excitation Modes of Condensate: Elasticity and Stability of the Topological Matter 9 Linear Stability Analysis of the Homogeneous States 10 Stability and the Excitation Spectrum of the Single Soliton and the Vortex Lattice 11 Forces on Solitons, Pinning and Elasticity of the Vortex Matter Part IV Dynamics of Condensates and Solitary Waves 12 Dynamics of the Order Parameter Field 13 Solitary Waves ?14 Viscous Flow of the Abrikosov Flux Lattice Part V Thermal Fluctuations 15 Statistical Physics of Mesoscopic Degrees of Freedom 16 The Landau-Wilson Approach to Statistical Physics of the Interacting Field Fluctuations 17 Thermal Fluctuations in the Vortex Matter Appendix 1 Abrikosov quasi-momentum functions averages 2 Calculation of gaussian integrals 3 Sparse matrices and their determinants General References