CONTENTS Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics 1.1What is Language 1.2The Design Features of Language 1.3The Origin of Language 1.4What is Linguistics 1.5The Scope of Linguistics 1.6A Brief History of Linguistics Chapter 2Phonetics and Phonology: The Sounds and Sound Patterns of Language 2.1Introduction 2.2Phonetics 2.3Phonology 2.4Summary Chapter 3Morphology: The Word Structure of Language 3.1Introduction 3.2The Words of Language 3.3The Structure of Words 3.4Morpheme, Morph and Allomorph 3.5Classification of Morphemes 3.6Word Formation Processes 3.7Summary Chapter 4Syntax: The Sentence Structure of Language 4.1Introduction 4.2Sentence Structure 4.3The Traditional Approach 4.4The Structural Approach 4.5The Transformationalgenerative Approach 4.6The Functional Approach 4.7Summary Chapter 5Semantics: The Meaning of Language 5.1Introduction 5.2Approaches to Meaning 5.3Sense and Reference 5.4Word Meaning 5.5Sentence Meaning 5.6Ambiguity 5.7Semantic Analysis Chapter 6Pragmatics: The Use of Language in Context 6.1Introduction 6.2Pragmatics as a New Branch of Linguistics 6.3Speech Act Theory 6.4Theory of Conversational Implicature 6.5Politeness Principle 6.6Summary Chapter 7Discourse Analysis: Language Above the Sentence 7.1Introduction 7.2What is Discourse Analysis 7.3Cohesion 7.4Coherence 7.5The Structure of Discourse 7.6Critical Discourse Analysis 7.7Conclusion Chapter 8Historical Linguistics: Language through Time 8.1Introduction 8.2When Language Changes 8.3How Language Changes 8.4Why Language Changes 8.5Summary Chapter 9Stylistics: Language and Literature 9.1Introduction 9.2Important Views on Style 9.3Stylistic Analysis Chapter 10Sociolinguistics: Language and Society 10.1Introduction 10.2The Relations Between Language and Society 10.3Speech Community and Speech Variety 10.4Dialect 10.5Register 10.6Language Contact and Contact Languages 10.7Choosing a Code Chapter 11Intercultural Communication: Language and Culture 11.1Introduction 11.2Definitions of Culture 11.3The Relationship Between Language and Culture 11.4Naming the World Through Language 11.5Communicative Patterns Across Cultures 11.6Language and Thought: SapirWhorf Hypothesis 11.7Intercultural Communication 11.8Summary Chapter 12Psycholinguistics: Language and Psychology 12.1Introduction 12.2Language and the Brain: The Biological Foundations of Language 12.3Language Comprehension 12.4Language Production 12.5Language Acquisition Chapter 13Cognitive Linguistics: Language and Cognition 13.1Introduction 13.2Categories and Categorization 13.3Conceptual Metaphors 13.4Conceptual Metonymies 13.5Image Schemas 13.6Iconicity 13.7Grammaticalization and Lexicalization Chapter 14Applied Linguistics: Language Teaching and Learning 14.1Introduction 14.2How is Language Learned? 14.3Individual Differences in Language Learning 14.4Approaches and Methods in Foreign Language Teaching 14.5Language Testing References Glossary