CCENT CCNA ICND1 100-105 認(rèn)證考試指南（第5版）

第 1 部分　網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)

第　1 章 TCP/IP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)簡(jiǎn)介 ·························3

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　······················3

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　···························4

有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的觀點(diǎn)　·····················4

TCP/IP　網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型 ····························5

TCP/IP　之前的歷史 ····················6

TCP/IP　網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型概述 ·····················7

TCP/IP　應(yīng)用層 ·························7

TCP/IP　傳輸層 ····································9

TCP/IP　網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 ·········································10

TCP/IP　鏈路層（數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層和物理層） ·····13

TCP/IP　模型和術(shù)語(yǔ) ··································14

OSI　網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型 ··················································15

比較　OSI 和 TCP/IP ·································16

參照　OSI 各層描述協(xié)議 ···························16

OSI　各層及其功能 ···································16

OSI　分層概念及其優(yōu)點(diǎn) ····························17

OSI　封裝術(shù)語(yǔ) ···········································18

本章回顧　·························································18

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　···········································19

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　························19

第　2 章 以太網(wǎng) LAN 基礎(chǔ) ·······················21

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　·····················21

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·························································22

以太網(wǎng)　LAN 概述 ·············································22

典型的　SOHO 局域網(wǎng) ······························22

典型的企業(yè)　LAN ·····································23

以太網(wǎng)物理層標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的類型　························24

使用以太網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的所有鏈路行為一致　··································25

使用　UTP 構(gòu)建物理以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) ······················26

使用　UTP 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù) ·································26

分解　UTP 以太網(wǎng)鏈路 ······························26

用于　10BASE-T 和 100BASE-T 的 UTP布線引腳輸出 ··············································28 1000BASE-T 的 UTP 電纜引腳分配 ·········31

在以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)　································31

以太網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層協(xié)議　···························31

使用交換機(jī)和集線器發(fā)送以太網(wǎng)幀　·········34

本章回顧　·························································36

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　···········································37

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·······················37

第　3 章 WAN 基礎(chǔ) ··························39

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　··························39

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　···············40

租用線路　WAN ······························40

根據(jù)　LAN 的規(guī)模和路由器的數(shù)量來(lái)安置租用線路 ·········40

租用線路的物理細(xì)節(jié)　·························41

租用線路的數(shù)據(jù)鏈路詳解　························44

作為　WAN 技術(shù)的以太網(wǎng) ······················46

創(chuàng)建D二層服務(wù)的以太網(wǎng)　WAN···············46

路由器如何使用以太網(wǎng)仿真路由　IP 數(shù)據(jù)包 ·····················································47

接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)······························48

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)jiu是一個(gè)大型的廣域網(wǎng)　················48

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入（廣域網(wǎng)）鏈路　····················49

數(shù)字用戶線路　··········································50

有線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)　···························51

本章回顧　·················52

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　···········································52

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　···································52

第　4 章 IPv4 尋址和路由選擇基礎(chǔ) ·········55

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　··························55

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·························································56

網(wǎng)絡(luò)層功能概述　··············································56

網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的路由選擇（轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)）邏輯　·············57

網(wǎng)絡(luò)層是如何通過(guò)　LAN 和 WAN 選擇路由的 ·····················································58

IP　尋址和尋址如何幫助 IP 選擇路由 ·······59

路由選擇協(xié)議　··········································60

IPv4　尋址 ························································60

IP　尋址的規(guī)則 ··········································61

IP　地址分組原理 ··················61

IP　子網(wǎng)劃分 ·············································65

IPv4　路由選擇 ·················································66

IPv4　主機(jī)路由選擇 ··································66

路由器轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)決策和　IP 路由表 ···················67

IPv4　路由選擇協(xié)議 ··········································68

其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的功能　···········································70

使用名稱和域名系統(tǒng)　·······························70

地址解析協(xié)議　··········································71

ICMP　響應(yīng)和 ping 命令 ····························72

本章回顧　·························································72

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　···········································73

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·····················73

第　5 章 TCP/IP 傳輸層和應(yīng)用層基礎(chǔ) ·····75

　“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn) ··························75

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·························································76

TCP/IP　第 4 層協(xié)議：TCP 和 UDP ·················76

傳輸控制協(xié)議　··········································77

用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議　··························83

TCP/IP　應(yīng)用層 ····························84

統(tǒng)一資源定位符　······································84

使用　DNS 發(fā)現(xiàn) Web 服務(wù)器 ·····················85

使用　HTTP 傳送文件 ····················86

接收主機(jī)如何確認(rèn)正確的接收應(yīng)用程序　·············87

本章回顧　·······················88

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　······················88

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　················88

第　1 部分回顧 ······························90

第　2 部分 實(shí)施基本以太網(wǎng) LAN

第　6 章 使用命令行界面 ·························95

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　···················95

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　······················96

訪問(wèn)思科　Catalyst 2960 交換機(jī) CLI ···············96

思科　Catalyst 交換機(jī) ······················96

訪問(wèn)思科　IOS CLI ···························97

CLI　幫助功能 ·····························102

debug　和 show 命令 ························103

配置思科　IOS 軟件 ······················104

配置子模式和情景　·························105

存儲(chǔ)交換機(jī)配置文件　····················106

復(fù)制和清除配置文件　···················108

本章回顧　·················108

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·····················109

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·······················109

命令參考　·····························109

第　7 章 分析以太網(wǎng) LAN 交換 ···············113

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　···············113

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　···························114

LAN　交換概念 ·······························114

交換邏輯概述　········································115

轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)已知的單播幀　························116

獲知　MAC 地址 ·························118

泛洪未知單播幀和廣播幀　······················118

使用生成樹(shù)協(xié)議避免環(huán)路　······················119

LAN　交換總結(jié) ·······································120

驗(yàn)證和分析以太網(wǎng)交換　·································120

演示MAC　獲知 ·····································120

交換機(jī)接口　············································121

查找　MAC 地址表中的條目 ···················123

管理　MAC 地址表（老化、清除） ··········124

包含多臺(tái)交換機(jī)的　MAC 地址表 ············125

本章回顧　·······················································126

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································126

實(shí)驗(yàn)·······························································127

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································127

命令參考　·······················································127

第　8 章 配置基本的交換機(jī)管理 ·············129

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························129

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································130

保護(hù)交換機(jī)　CLI ·············································130

利用簡(jiǎn)單密碼保護(hù)用戶模式和特權(quán)模式　····131

使用本地用戶名和密碼保護(hù)用戶模式訪問(wèn)　·······················································134

使用外部身份驗(yàn)證服務(wù)器保護(hù)用戶模式訪問(wèn)　·······················································135

使用　Secure Shell 保護(hù)遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)·············136

啟用遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)　IPv4 ········································138

主機(jī)和交換機(jī)　IP 設(shè)置 ····························139

為交換機(jī)配置　IPv4 ································140

配置交換機(jī)來(lái)使用　DHCP 獲知 IP 地址 ····141

驗(yàn)證交換機(jī)上的　IPv4 ·····························141

實(shí)驗(yàn)中的其他有用設(shè)置　·································142

歷史緩沖區(qū)命令　····································142

logging　synchronous、exec-timeout 和 no ip domain-lookup 命令 ·······················143

本章回顧　·······················································144

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································144

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································144

實(shí)驗(yàn)·······························································144　命令參考 ·······················································145

第　9 章 配置交換機(jī)接口 ························149

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························149

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································150

配置交換機(jī)接口　············································150

配置速率、雙工和描述　·························150

使用interface　range 命令配置多個(gè)接口 ·····152

利用　shutdown 命令管理性控制接口狀態(tài) ·······················································152

使用　no 命令刪除配置 ···························154

自動(dòng)協(xié)商　···············································155

端口安全　·······················································158

配置端口安全　········································159

驗(yàn)證端口安全　········································160

端口安全違規(guī)操作　·································161

使用端口安全　MAC 地址作為靜態(tài)安全地址，而非動(dòng)態(tài)地址 ·····························162

本章回顧　·······················································163

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································163

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································163

實(shí)驗(yàn)·······························································163

命令參考　·······················································163

第　2 部分回顧 ··········································166

第　3 部分 以太網(wǎng) LAN：設(shè)計(jì)、VLAN 和故障排除

第　10 章 分析以太網(wǎng) LAN 設(shè)計(jì) ·············171

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························171

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································172

分析沖突域和廣播域　·····································172

以太網(wǎng)沖突域　········································172

以太網(wǎng)廣播域　········································175

分析校園　LAN 拓?fù)?nbsp;·······································177

兩層校園網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)（折疊核心）　················177

三層校園網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)（核心）　························179

拓?fù)湓O(shè)計(jì)術(shù)語(yǔ)　········································181

分析　LAN 物理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇 ································181

以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　············································182

為每個(gè)鏈路選擇正確的以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　·······183

無(wú)線　LAN 與有線以太網(wǎng)相組合 ············184

本章回顧　·······················································186

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································187

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································187

第　11 章 實(shí)現(xiàn)以太網(wǎng)虛擬 LAN ··············189

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························189

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································190

虛擬　LAN 概念 ··············································190

用中繼功能建立多交換機(jī)　VLAN ···········191

在　VLAN 之間轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù) ························193

VLAN　和 VLAN 中繼配置及驗(yàn)證 ···················196

創(chuàng)建　VLAN 和分配接入 VLAN 的接口 ·····196

VLAN　中繼協(xié)議 ····································200

VLAN　中繼配置····································200

實(shí)現(xiàn)連接到電話的接口　·························204

數(shù)據(jù)和語(yǔ)音　VLAN 概念 ························204

總結(jié)：交換機(jī)上的　IP 電話端口 ·············208

本章回顧　·······················································208

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································208

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································209

命令參考　·······················································209

第　12 章 以太網(wǎng) LAN 故障排除 ·············211

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　·························211

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································213

關(guān)于應(yīng)用故障排除方法的觀點(diǎn)　······················213

考試疑難解答　········································213

深入研究問(wèn)題隔離　·································214

本書(shū)涵蓋的故障排除　·····························215

分析交換機(jī)接口狀態(tài)和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)　···················216

接口狀態(tài)碼和非工作狀態(tài)的原因　···········216

接口速率和雙工問(wèn)題　·····························217

常見(jiàn)的第　1 層工作接口問(wèn)題 ··················219

預(yù)測(cè)哪些交換機(jī)將轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)幀　······························220

預(yù)覽　MAC 地址表的目錄 ·······················220

分析轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)路徑　········································222

分析某個(gè)接口上的端口安全操作　···················222

故障排除關(guān)閉模式和錯(cuò)誤禁用恢復(fù)　·······223

排除限制和保護(hù)模式下的故障　··············224

分析　VLAN 和 VLAN 中繼 ····················226

確保在正確的　VLAN 中使用了正確的接入接口 ·······················································227

未定義接入　VLAN ·································227

被禁用的接入　VLAN ·····························228

不匹配的中繼運(yùn)行狀態(tài)　·························228

本章回顧　·······················································229

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································230

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································230

命令參考　·······················································230

第　3 部分回顧 ··········································232

第　4 部分 IPv4 尋址和子網(wǎng)劃分

第　13 章 IPv4 子網(wǎng)劃分 ·························237

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························237

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································238

子網(wǎng)劃分入門(mén)　················································238

通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的例子來(lái)定義子網(wǎng)劃分　···········238

操作角度與子網(wǎng)劃分的設(shè)計(jì)角度　···········239

分析子網(wǎng)劃分和尋址的需求　··························240

主機(jī)劃分到特定子網(wǎng)的規(guī)則　··················240

決定子網(wǎng)的數(shù)量　····································241

決定每個(gè)子網(wǎng)中的主機(jī)數(shù)量　··················242

一個(gè)子網(wǎng)大小通吃　·································242

設(shè)計(jì)選擇　·······················································245

選擇一個(gè)有類的網(wǎng)絡(luò)　·····························245

掩碼選擇　···············································247

創(chuàng)建所有子網(wǎng)的列表　·····························250

實(shí)施計(jì)劃　·······················································251

分配子網(wǎng)到不同位置　·····························252

選擇每個(gè)子網(wǎng)的動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)范圍　···········252

本章回顧　·······················································253

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································254

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································254

第　14 章 分析有類 IPv4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)·················257

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························257

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································257

有類網(wǎng)絡(luò)概念　················································257

IPv4　網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型及其相關(guān)情況 ··················258

每個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的主機(jī)數(shù)量　·························260

推導(dǎo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)　ID 和相關(guān)號(hào)碼 ·······················261

例外的網(wǎng)絡(luò)　ID 和網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播地址 ············262

有類網(wǎng)絡(luò)練習(xí)　················································262

由一個(gè)　IP 地址獲得關(guān)鍵信息的練習(xí) ······263

記憶地址分類詳細(xì)信息的練習(xí)　··············263

本章回顧　·······················································264

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································264

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································264

本章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)的附加練習(xí)·································265

之前練習(xí)題答案　············································265

第　15 章 分析子網(wǎng)掩碼 ··························269

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························269

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································270

子網(wǎng)掩碼轉(zhuǎn)換　················································270

3　種掩碼格式 ·········································270

二進(jìn)制和前綴掩碼之間的轉(zhuǎn)換　··············271

二進(jìn)制和　DDN 掩碼之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 ············271

前綴與　DDN 掩碼之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 ················273

子網(wǎng)掩碼轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)　·································273

使用掩碼識(shí)別子網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)選擇　··························274

掩碼將子網(wǎng)地址劃分為兩部分　··············275

掩碼和分類將地址分為　3 個(gè)部分 ···········275

無(wú)類和有類地址分配　·····························276

基于　IPv4 地址格式的計(jì)算 ····················276

分析子網(wǎng)掩碼的練習(xí)　·····························277

本章回顧　·······················································278

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································278

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································279

本章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)的附加練習(xí)　······························279

之前練習(xí)題答案　············································279

第　16 章 分析已有子網(wǎng) ··························283

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························283

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································284

定義子網(wǎng)　·······················································284

網(wǎng)絡(luò)　172.16.0.0 和 4 個(gè)子網(wǎng)的示例 ········284

子網(wǎng)　ID 概念 ··········································285

子網(wǎng)廣播地址　········································286 可用地址的范圍 ····································286

分析已有子網(wǎng)：二進(jìn)制　·································287

查找子網(wǎng)　ID ：二進(jìn)制 ···························287

查找子網(wǎng)廣播地址：二進(jìn)制　··················288

二進(jìn)制練習(xí)題　········································289

二進(jìn)制方法的捷徑　·································290

布爾邏輯計(jì)算的簡(jiǎn)要介紹　······················291

查找地址范圍　········································291

分析已有子網(wǎng)：十進(jìn)制　·································291

用簡(jiǎn)單的掩碼來(lái)分析　·····························291

趣味八位組的可預(yù)測(cè)性　·························292

查找子網(wǎng)　ID ：困難掩碼 ·······················293

查找子網(wǎng)廣播地址：困難掩碼　··············295

分析已有子網(wǎng)的練習(xí)　·····································296

選擇：記憶或計(jì)算　·································297

本章回顧　·······················································297

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································298

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································298

本章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)的附加練習(xí)　······························298

之前練習(xí)題的答案　·········································298

第　4 部分回顧 ··········································300

第　5 部分 實(shí)現(xiàn) IPv4

第　17 章 思科路由器操作 ······················305

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························305

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································306

安裝思科路由器　············································306

安裝企業(yè)級(jí)路由器　·································306

安裝互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入路由器　·························308

在思科路由器上啟用　IPv4 支持 ····················309

訪問(wèn)路由器　CLI ·····································309

路由器接口　············································310

路由器輔助端口　····································316

本章回顧　·······················································316

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································317

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································317

命令參考　·······················································317

第　18 章 配置 IPv4 地址和靜態(tài)路由······319

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························319

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································320

IP　路由 ··························································320

IPv4　路由過(guò)程參考 ································321

IP　路由示例 ···········································322

配置　IP 地址和連接的路由 ····························326

連接的路由和　IP 地址命令 ····················326

思科路由器上的　ARP 表 ························327

VLAN　上的子網(wǎng)間的路由 ······················328

配置靜態(tài)路由　················································333

靜態(tài)路由配置　········································333

靜態(tài)主機(jī)路由　········································335

沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)路由的靜態(tài)路由　······················335

有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)路由的靜態(tài)路由　·························336

靜態(tài)默認(rèn)路由　········································337

排除靜態(tài)路由故障　·································338

本章回顧　·······················································339

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································340

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································340

命令參考　·······················································341

第　19 章 用 RIPv2 獲取 IPv4 路由信息·········································343

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　····························343

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································344

RIP　和路由協(xié)議概念 ·····································344

內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議的發(fā)展歷史　······························345

比較　IGP ·······················································345

距離矢量基礎(chǔ)　················································346

RIPv2　特性總結(jié) ············································349

核心　RIPv2 配置和驗(yàn)證 ································350

配置核心　RIPv2 特性 ·····························350

RIPv2　驗(yàn)證 ····················································353

可選　RIPv2 配置和驗(yàn)證 ································357

使用　passive-interface 命令控制 RIP 更新 ·······················································357

支持多個(gè)具有zui大路徑的等價(jià)路由　·······358

理解自動(dòng)匯總和不連續(xù)有類網(wǎng)絡(luò)　···········358

驗(yàn)證可選的　RIP 特性 ·····························360

RIPv2　默認(rèn)路由 ·····································362

排除　RIPv2 故障 ···········································365

network　命令缺少和錯(cuò)誤的癥狀·············366

與被動(dòng)接口相關(guān)的問(wèn)題　·························367

與自動(dòng)匯總相關(guān)的問(wèn)題　·························367

其他路由器特性導(dǎo)致的　RIP 問(wèn)題 ···········368

RIP　故障排除問(wèn)題總結(jié) ··························368

本章回顧　·······················································369

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································369

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································370

命令參考　·······················································370

第　20 章 主機(jī)上的 DHCP 和 IP 網(wǎng)絡(luò) ····373

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························373

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································374

實(shí)施　HSRP 并排除故障 ································374

DHCP　概念 ············································375

路由器上的　DHCP 服務(wù)器配置 ··············378

IOS　DHCP 服務(wù)器驗(yàn)證 ··························380

排除　DHCP 問(wèn)題 ····································381

驗(yàn)證主機(jī)的　IPv4 裝置 ···································385

IP　地址以及掩碼配置 ·····························385

DNS　名稱解析 ·······································386

默認(rèn)路由器　············································387

IPv4　地址類型 ···············································388

回顧單播（A、B　和 C 類）IP 地址 ·······389

　IP 廣播地址 ···········································389

IPv4　組播地址（D 類地址） ····················390

比較和對(duì)比　IP 地址類型 ························391

本章回顧　·······················································392

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································392

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································392

命令參考　·······················································393

第　5 部分回顧 ··········································394

第　6 部分 IPv4 設(shè)計(jì)和故障排除

第　21 章 子網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì) ·································399

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························399

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································400

選擇掩碼以滿足需求　·····································400

回顧：選擇子網(wǎng)和主機(jī)位的zui小數(shù)量　···400

沒(méi)有符合要求的掩碼　·····························401

只有一個(gè)掩碼符合要求　·························402

多個(gè)掩碼符合要求　·································402

正式過(guò)程　···············································404

子網(wǎng)掩碼選擇的練習(xí)　·····························405

查找所有子網(wǎng)　ID ···········································405

第　一個(gè)子網(wǎng) ID ：零子網(wǎng) ·······················405

使用魔法數(shù)字查找模型　·························406

子網(wǎng)位小于　8 的正式過(guò)程 ······················407

查找子網(wǎng)位正好為　8 的所有子網(wǎng) ···········409

查找子網(wǎng)位大于　8 的所有子網(wǎng) ··············410

練習(xí)查找所有子網(wǎng)　ID ····························411

本章回顧　·······················································412

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································412

考生應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　······························413

本章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)的附加練習(xí)　······························413

之前練習(xí)題的答案　·········································413

第　22 章 變長(zhǎng)子網(wǎng)掩碼 ··························417

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························417

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································418

VLSM　概念和配置 ·········································418

非類型化和類型化路由協(xié)議　··················418

VLSM　配置和驗(yàn)證 ·································419

查找　VLSM 重疊 ···········································420

使用　VLSM 設(shè)計(jì)子網(wǎng)劃分方案 ·············420

查找　VLSM 重疊的示例 ························422

練習(xí)查找　VLSM 重疊 ····························423

向現(xiàn)有　VLSM 設(shè)計(jì)添加一個(gè)新子網(wǎng) ··············423

添加新　VLSM 子網(wǎng)的示例 ·····················423

本章回顧　·······················································425

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································425

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································425

本章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)的附加練習(xí)　······························425

之前練習(xí)題的答案　·········································425

第　23 章 IPv4 故障排除工具 ·················429

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························429

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································429

使用　ping 命令隔離問(wèn)題 ································429

ping　命令基礎(chǔ) ········································430

使用　ping 命令執(zhí)行測(cè)試的策略和結(jié)果 ·······················································430

在　ping 中使用名稱和 IP 地址 ················436

使用　traceroute 命令隔離問(wèn)題 ······················437

traceroute　基礎(chǔ) ·······································437

traceroute　命令的工作原理 ·····················438

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和擴(kuò)展　traceroute ····························439

使用　traceroute 將問(wèn)題隔離到兩臺(tái)路由器 ···················································440

Telnet　和 SSH ···············································441

使用　IOS Telnet 和 SSH 客戶端的常見(jiàn)理由 ·······················································442

IOS　Telnet 和 SSH 示例 ··························443

本章回顧　·······················································444

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································444

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································444

第　24 章 排除 IPv4 路由故障·················447

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎　”小測(cè)驗(yàn) ·························447

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································447

主機(jī)與默認(rèn)路由器之間的問(wèn)題　······················447

基于主機(jī)　IPv4 設(shè)置的根源 ····················448

基于默認(rèn)路由器配置的根源　··················452

在路由器之間路由數(shù)據(jù)包的問(wèn)題　···················455

通過(guò)匹配zui明確的路由而進(jìn)行　IP 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) ····455

錯(cuò)誤編址計(jì)劃導(dǎo)致的路由問(wèn)題　··············458

相關(guān)故障排除主題簡(jiǎn)介　·························461

本章回顧　·······················································462

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································462

第　6 部分回顧 ··········································464

第　7 部分 IPv4 服務(wù)：ACL 和 NAT

第　25 章 基本 IPv4 訪問(wèn)控制列表 ·········469 “我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn) ························469 基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容 ·······················································470 IPv4 訪問(wèn)控制列表基礎(chǔ) ································470 ACL 位置和方向····································470 匹配包 ···················································471 在發(fā)生匹配時(shí)執(zhí)行操作 ·························472 IP ACL 的類型 ·······································472 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào) IPv4 ACL ·······································472 IP ACL 的列表邏輯 ································473 匹配邏輯和命令語(yǔ)法 ·····························474 實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) IP ACL ···································477

故障排除和驗(yàn)證技巧　·····························480

練習(xí)應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　IP ACL ····································481

練習(xí)創(chuàng)建　access-list 命令 ·······················481

從　ACL 逆向工程到地址范圍 ················481

本章回顧　·······················································483

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································483

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································483

本章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)的附加練習(xí)　······························483

命令參考　·······················································483

之前練習(xí)題的答案　·········································484

第　26 章 gao級(jí) IPv4 訪問(wèn)控制列表 ·········487

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························487

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································488

擴(kuò)展編號(hào)的　IP 訪問(wèn)控制列表 ························488

匹配協(xié)議、源　IP 和目的 IP ····················489

匹配　TCP 和 UDP 端口號(hào) ······················490

擴(kuò)展的　IP ACL 配置 ·······························492

練習(xí)創(chuàng)建　access-list 命令 ·······················495

命名的　ACL 和 ACL 編輯 ······························495

命名　IP 訪問(wèn)列表 ···································496

使用序列號(hào)編輯　ACL ····························497

編號(hào)　ACL 配置與命名 ACL 配置對(duì)比 ·······················································499

ACL　實(shí)現(xiàn)考慮因素 ································499

使用　IPv4 ACL 進(jìn)行故障排除 ·······················500

分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的　ACL 行為 ························500

ACL　與路由器生成的數(shù)據(jù)包的交互 ······504

本章回顧　·······················································506

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································507

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································507

命令參考　·······················································507

之前練習(xí)題的答案　·········································508

第　27 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換 ··························511

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　·························511

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································512

對(duì)　IPv4 地址可伸縮性的觀點(diǎn) ························512

CIDR　·····················································513

私有地址　···············································514

網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換概念　·········································514

靜態(tài)　NAT ···············································515

動(dòng)態(tài)　NAT ···············································516

通過(guò)端口地址轉(zhuǎn)換（PAT）　重載 NAT ···············································517

NAT　配置和故障排除 ····································519

靜態(tài)　NAT 配置 ······································519

動(dòng)態(tài)　NAT 配置 ······································520

動(dòng)態(tài)　NAT 驗(yàn)證 ······································521

NAT　重載（PAT）配置 ··························524

NAT　故障排除 ···························526

本章回顧　·······················································527

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·······················527

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　······················527

命令參考　·······················································528

第　7 部分回顧 ··········································530

第　8 部分 IPv6

第　28 章 IPv6 基礎(chǔ) ································535

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························535

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································536

IPv6　簡(jiǎn)介 ······················································536

IPv6　的歷史原因 ····································536

IPv6　路由 ···············································538

IPv6　路由協(xié)議 ········································540

IPv6　尋址格式和約定 ····································541

表示完整的（未縮寫(xiě)）IPv6　地址 ··········541

縮寫(xiě)和展開(kāi)　IPv6 地址 ····························542

地址前綴長(zhǎng)度表示　·································543

計(jì)算　IPv6 前綴（子網(wǎng) ID） ·····················543

查找　IPv6 前綴 ·······································543

更難的　IPv6 前綴長(zhǎng)度 ····························545

本章回顧　·······················································545

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································546

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································546

本章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)的附加練習(xí)　······························546

之前練習(xí)題的答案　·········································546

第　29 章 IPv6 尋址和子網(wǎng)劃分 ··············549

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························549

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································550

全球單播尋址概念　·········································550

公網(wǎng)和私網(wǎng)　IPv4 地址的簡(jiǎn)單回顧 ·········550

IPv6　全球路由前綴 ································552

全球單播地址的地址范圍　······················553

使用全球單播地址進(jìn)行　IPv6 子網(wǎng)劃分 ·······················································554

將地址分配給子網(wǎng)中的主機(jī)　··················557

本地wei一單播地址　·········································558

使用　IPv6 本地wei一地址進(jìn)行子網(wǎng)劃分 ·······················································558

全球wei一本地地址的需求　······················559

本章回顧　·······················································560

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································560

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································560

第　30 章 在路由器上實(shí)施 IPv6 尋址······563

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························563

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································564

在路由器上實(shí)施單播　IPv6 地址 ····················564

靜態(tài)單播地址配置　·································565

動(dòng)態(tài)單播地址配置　·································571

路由器使用的特殊地址　·································572

本地鏈路地址　········································572

IPv6　組播地址 ········································574

其他　IPv6 地址 ·······································578

IPv6　尋址配置摘要 ································578

本章回顧　·······················································578

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································579

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································579

本章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)的附加練習(xí)　······························579

命令參考　·······················································580

之前練習(xí)題的答案　·········································580

第　31 章 在主機(jī)上實(shí)施 IPv6 尋址 ·········583

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························583

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································584

鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議　················································584

使用　NDP RS 和 RA 發(fā)現(xiàn)路由器 ···········585

使用　NDP RS 和 RA 為 SLAAC 發(fā)現(xiàn)地址信息 ·······················································586

使用　NDP NS 和 NA 發(fā)現(xiàn)鄰居鏈路地址 ·······················································586

使用　NDP NS 和 NA 發(fā)現(xiàn)重復(fù)地址 ·······587

NDP　摘要···············································588

主機(jī)　IPv6 設(shè)置的動(dòng)態(tài)配置 ····························588

使用有狀態(tài)　DHCP 和 NDP 的動(dòng)態(tài)配置 ·······················································589

使用無(wú)狀態(tài)地址自動(dòng)配置　······················591

排除　IPv6 尋址故障 ·······································593

從主機(jī)驗(yàn)證主機(jī)　IPv6 連接 ····················593

從鄰近的路由器驗(yàn)證主機(jī)連接　··············595

本章回顧　·······················································598

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································598

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································598

命令參考　·······················································598

第　32 章 實(shí)施 IPv6 路由 ························601

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn)　························601

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································602

連接路由和本地路由　·····································602

連接路由和本地路由規(guī)則　······················602

IPv6　連接路由的示例 ·····························603

IPv6　本地路由的示例 ·····························604

IPv6　靜態(tài)路由 ···············································605

使用出站接口的靜態(tài)路由　······················606

使用下一跳　IPv6 地址的靜態(tài)路由 ·········607

靜態(tài)默認(rèn)路由　········································609

靜態(tài)　IPv6 主機(jī)路由 ·······························610

浮動(dòng)靜態(tài)　IPv6 路由 ·······························610

路由器接口上的　SLAAC 中的默認(rèn)路由 ·····612

排除靜態(tài)　IPv6 路由故障 ························613

本章回顧　·······················································615

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································616

命令參考　·······················································616

第　8 部分回顧 ··········································618

第　9 部分 網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備管理

第　33 章 設(shè)備管理協(xié)議 ··························623

“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎　”小測(cè)驗(yàn) ·························623

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································624

系統(tǒng)消息日志（Syslog）　·······························624

實(shí)時(shí)將消息發(fā)送給當(dāng)前用戶　··················624

存儲(chǔ)日志消息供以后查看　······················625

日志消息格式　········································625

日志消息嚴(yán)重等級(jí)　·································626

配置和驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)日志記錄　······················627

debug　命令和日志消息 ···························629

網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間協(xié)議（NTP）　···································630

設(shè)置時(shí)間和時(shí)區(qū)　····································631

實(shí)現(xiàn)　NTP 客戶端、服務(wù)器和客戶端 / 服務(wù)器模式 ············································631

NTP　使用環(huán)回接口實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的可用性 ····633

使用　CDP 和 LLDP 分析拓?fù)?nbsp;························634

檢查　CDP 獲取的信息 ···························635

配置和驗(yàn)證　CDP 自身 ···························637

實(shí)現(xiàn)鏈路層發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議　·····························638

本章回顧　·······················································639

復(fù)習(xí)所有考試要點(diǎn)　·········································640

您應(yīng)該知道的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)　·································640

命令參考　·······················································640

第　34 章 設(shè)備安全特性 ··························643

　“我已經(jīng)知道了嗎？”小測(cè)驗(yàn) ························643

基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容　·······················································644

保護(hù)　IOS 密碼 ···············································644

使用服務(wù)密碼加密來(lái)加密舊　IOS 密碼 ····644

使用散列函數(shù)對(duì)啟用密碼進(jìn)行編碼　·······645

為本地用戶名隱藏密碼　·························648

思科設(shè)備加固　················································649

配置登錄標(biāo)語(yǔ)　································