Preface Chapter 1 The Photoelectric Detection at the Single Cell Level 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Dielectrophoresis 1.3 Optical Tweezers 1.4 Microfluidics 1.5 Microelectrodes 1.6 Conclusions References Chapter 2 Development of Multiple Transmission-Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy 2.1 Introduction of Infrared Absorption Methodologies for Thin Films 2.2 Optical Theory 2.3 Grazing Angle Mirror-Backed Reflection 2.4 Multiple Transmission-Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy 2.5 Orientation Analyses with IR Spectroscopy 2.6 Summary References Chapter 3 Molecular Interactions at Model Cell Membranes Investigated Using Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy 3.3 Interactions Between Model Cell Membranes and Small Drug Molecules 3.4 Interactions Between Model Cell Membranes and Nanomaterials 3.5 Interactions Between Model Cell Membranes and Peptides 3.6 Interactions of Membrane Associated Proteins 3.7 Conclusions and Outlooks 3.8 Acknowledgement References Chapter 4 Microparticle Based Biochips' Preliminary Subsections 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Plain Microparticles 4.3 Encoded Microparticles 4.4 Microparticles and Chips 4.5 Instrumentation for Microparticles Analysis 4.6 Conclusions and Prospective References Chapter 5 Biomedical Applications of Zwitterionic Antifouling Polymers Based Nanoparticles 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Biomedical Applications of Zwitterionic Nanoparticles 5.3 Conclusions and Outlooks References Chapter 6 Nucleosome Organization Around Transcriptional Sites and Its Role in Gene Regulation 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Nucleosome Depletion Upstream of Transcription Start Sites 6.3 Nucleosome Occupancy Around Transcriptional Splice Sites 6.4 Nucleosome Positioning in the Vicinity of Transcription Termination Sites 6.5 Nucleosome Occupancy Patterns Around Transcription Factor Binding Sites 6.6 Conclusions References Chapter 7 Virtual and Augmented Reality in Medical and Biomedical Education Chapter 8 Relating Information in EEGs to Neurocognitive Processes Chapter 9 Detection, Processing, and Application of Neural Signals Chapter 10 Cerebral Glioma Grading Using Bayesian Network with Features Extracted from Multi-modal MRI Chapter 11 Histotripsy: Image-guided, Non-invasive Ultrasound Surgery for Cardiovascular and Cancer Therapy Color Inset