中國(guó)憲法（雙語(yǔ)）

第一章憲法學(xué)基本理論(1)
第一節(jié)憲法學(xué)的基本問題(1)
一、憲法學(xué)的概念(1)
二、憲法學(xué)的研究對(duì)象(1)
第二節(jié)憲法釋義(2)
一、詞源學(xué)意義上的憲法含義(2)
二、法學(xué)意義上的憲法含義(3)
第三節(jié)中國(guó)憲法形式與憲法結(jié)構(gòu)(6)
一、中國(guó)憲法的主要淵源(6)
二、我國(guó)憲法的結(jié)構(gòu)(15)
第四節(jié)憲法的原則(17)
一、人民主權(quán)原則(17)
二、基本人權(quán)原則(20)
三、權(quán)力制約原則(24)
四、法治原則(29)
第五節(jié)憲法的效力(31)
一、憲法效力概述(31)
二、憲法效力的特點(diǎn)(31)
三、我國(guó)關(guān)于私人行為憲法效力的研究及實(shí)踐(33)
第六節(jié)憲法與憲政(36)
一、憲政概述(36)
二、社會(huì)主義國(guó)家與憲政(40)
第二章憲法的創(chuàng)制(43)
第一節(jié)憲法的創(chuàng)制(43)
一、憲法的制定(43)
二、中國(guó)現(xiàn)行的憲法解釋制度及其實(shí)踐(45)
第三章中國(guó)憲法的歷史與發(fā)展(50)
第一節(jié)1949年前中國(guó)憲法的歷史(50)
一、憲政問題在中國(guó)的最初提出(50)
二、資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主共和國(guó)的憲法方案(52)
三、人民革命根據(jù)地的憲法性文件(54)
第二節(jié)1949年后中國(guó)憲法的歷史與發(fā)展(55)
一、《中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議共同綱領(lǐng)》(55)
二、“五四憲法”(56)
三、“八二憲法”及修正(57)
第四章國(guó)家制度(上)(62)
第一節(jié)國(guó)家性質(zhì)(62)
一、中國(guó)的國(guó)家性質(zhì)(62)
二、我國(guó)人民民主專政的基本內(nèi)容(64)
第二節(jié)中國(guó)的政黨制度(67)
一、我國(guó)現(xiàn)有政黨概述(67)
二、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度(68)
三、中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議(73)
第三節(jié)中國(guó)的政權(quán)組織形式(74)
一、政權(quán)組織形式的界定(74)
二、我國(guó)的政權(quán)組織形式：人民代表大會(huì)制(75)
第四節(jié)選舉制度(78)
一、選舉制度概述(78)
二、我國(guó)的選舉制度(78)
第五章國(guó)家制度(下)(90)
第一節(jié)國(guó)家結(jié)構(gòu)形式(90)
一、國(guó)家結(jié)構(gòu)形式概述(90)
二、我國(guó)的國(guó)家結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其特點(diǎn)(91)
三、我國(guó)的行政區(qū)劃制度(92)
第二節(jié)民族區(qū)域自治制度與特別行政區(qū)制度(99)
一、民族區(qū)域自治制度(99)
二、特別行政區(qū)制度(103)
第六章公民的基本權(quán)利和義務(wù)(111)
第一節(jié)公民的基本權(quán)利與義務(wù)概述(111)
一、我國(guó)公民基本權(quán)利與義務(wù)規(guī)定的特點(diǎn)(111)
二、“人權(quán)”入憲與中國(guó)的人權(quán)保障(117)
第二節(jié)我國(guó)公民的基本權(quán)利(119)
一、中國(guó)憲法中基本權(quán)利的主體(119)
二、我國(guó)公民基本權(quán)利體系(122)
第三節(jié)我國(guó)公民的基本義務(wù)(149)
一、維護(hù)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一和民族團(tuán)結(jié)(149)
二、遵守法紀(jì)和公德義務(wù)(150)
三、維護(hù)祖國(guó)安全、榮譽(yù)和利益義務(wù)(152)
四、保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)義務(wù)(152)
五、依法納稅義務(wù)(153)
第七章中央國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)(155)
第一節(jié)我國(guó)國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)的組織和活動(dòng)原則(155)
一、民主集中制原則(155)
二、社會(huì)主義法治原則(156)
三、責(zé)任制原則(157)
第二節(jié)最高權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)(158)
一、全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)(158)
二、全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)各委員會(huì)(163)
三、全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)代表(164)
第三節(jié)國(guó)家元首(166)
一、國(guó)家主席的產(chǎn)生和任期(166)
二、國(guó)家主席的職權(quán)(167)
三、國(guó)家副主席的工作(168)
第四節(jié)中央行政機(jī)關(guān)(169)
一、中央行政機(jī)關(guān)的性質(zhì)和地位(169)
二、國(guó)務(wù)院的組成和任期(169)
三、國(guó)務(wù)院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制(170)
四、國(guó)務(wù)院的職權(quán)(171)
五、國(guó)務(wù)院所屬各部、各委員會(huì)(173)
第五節(jié)中央軍事委員會(huì)(174)
一、中央軍事委員會(huì)的性質(zhì)和地位(174)
二、中央軍事委員會(huì)的組成和任期(174)
三、中央軍事委員會(huì)的責(zé)任(175)
第八章地方國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)(176)
第一節(jié)地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)及地方各級(jí)人民政府(176)
一、地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)(176)
二、地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)(180)
三、地方各級(jí)人民政府(182)
第二節(jié)民族自治機(jī)關(guān)和特別行政區(qū)機(jī)關(guān)(185)
一、民族自治地方的自治機(jī)關(guān)(185)
二、特別行政區(qū)的國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)(186)
第四節(jié)人民法院和人民檢察院(193)
一、人民法院(193)
二、人民檢察院(196)
第九章我國(guó)的基層群眾自治制度(198)
第一節(jié)村民自治(199)
一、村民自治機(jī)關(guān)(199)
二、村民自治權(quán)利(201)
第二節(jié)城市居民自治(203)
一、城市居民自治機(jī)關(guān)(203)
二、城市居民自治權(quán)利(206)
后記(207)ContentsContents
Chapter 1Fundamental Theories of Constitution(1)
1.1Fundamental Questions of Constitution(1)
1.1.1The Concept of Constitution(1)
1.1.2The Research Object of Constitution(1)
1.2Interpretation of Constitution(2)
1.2.1The Meaning of Constitution in Etymology(2)
1.2.2The Meaning of Constitution in the Science of Law(3)
1.3Form and Structure of China’s Constitution(6)
1.3.1The Main Original Forms of China’s Constitution(6)
1.3.2The Structure of the Constitution of China(15)
1.4The Principle of a Constitution(17)
1.4.1The Principle of Sovereignty of the People(17)
1.4.2Fundamental Human Rights(20)
1.4.3Restraint of Power(24)
1.4.4The Principle of the Rule of Law(29)
1.5The Validity of Constitution(31)
1.5.1Introduction to the Validity of Constitution(31)
1.5.2Features of the Validity of Constitution(31)
1.5.3The Study and Practice of Constitutional Effect on Private Behavior in China(33)
1.6Constitution and Constitutionalism(36)
1.6.1Introduction to Constitutionalism(36)
1.6.2Socialist Country and Constitutionalism(40)
Chapter 2The Initiatives of Constitution(43)
2.1The Initiatives of Constitution(43)
2.1.1The Formulation of a Constitution(43)
2.1.2The Interpreting System and Its Practice for the Current Constitution of China(45)
Chapter 3The History and Development of the Constitution of China(50)
3.1The History of the Constitution of China before 1949(50)
3.1.1Initial Mention of Constitution in China(50)
3.1.2Constitution Scheme of Chinese Bourgeois Democratic Pepublic(52)
3.1.3Constitutional Documents during the Revolutionary Base Area Period(54)
3.2The History and Development of Constitution of China after 1949(55)
3.2.1Common Program(55)
3.2.2The Constitution of 1954 (56)
3.2.3The Constitution of 1982 and Its Amendments(57)
Chapter 4The State System (Part One)(62)
4.1Nature of the State(62)
4.1.1Nature of the State of China(62)
4.1.2The Basic Content for the People’s Democratic Dictatorship of Our Country(64)
4.2Political Party System of China(67)
4.2.1Overview of the Current Political Parties(67)
4.2.2The System of the Multi?Party Cooperation and Political Consultation Led
by the Communist Party of China(68)
4.2.3The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(73)
4.3Organizational Form of Political Power of China(74)
4.3.1Definition of Organizational Form of Political Power(74)
4.3.2Organizational Form of Political Power of Our Country：the System of
the People’s Congress(75)
4.4Electoral System(78)
4.4.1Summary of Electoral System(78)
4.4.2Electoral System of China(78)
Chapter 5The State System (Part Two)(90)
5.1State Structure(90)
5.1.1Introduction to State Structure(90)
5.1.2The State Structure and Its Features of China(91)
5.1.3The Administrative Division System of China(92)
5.2The Regional National Autonomy System and the Special
Administrative Region System(99)
5.2.1The Regional National Autonomous System(99)
5.2.2The Special Administrative Region System(103)
Chapter 6The Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens(111)
6.1Introduction to the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens(111)
6.1.1The Features of the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens in
China’s Constitution(111)
6.1.2Human Rights Written into the Constitution and the Guarantee of
China’s Human Rights(117)
6.2The Fundamental Rights of Citizens of China(119)
6.2.1The Subject of the Fundamental Rights in China’s Constitution(119)
6.2.2The Fundamental Rights System of Citizens in China(122)
6.3The Fundamental Duties of Citizens of China(149)
6.3.1The Duty to Safeguard the Unity of the Country and the Unity of
All Its Nationalities(149)
6.3.2The Duty to Abide by Laws and Disciplines， as well as Social Ethics(150)
6.3.3The Duty to Safeguard the Security， Honour and Interests of the Motherland(152)
6.3.4The Duty to Defend the Motherland(152)
6.3.5The Duty to Pay Taxes in accordance with the Law(153)
Chapter 7Central State Organs(155)
7.1Principles for the Organization and Activities of State Organs in China(155)
7.1.1Principle of Democratic Centralism(155)
7.1.2Socialist Principle of the Rule of Law(156)
7.1.3Principle of Accountability(157)
7.2The Highest Authority(158)
7.2.1The National People’s Congress(158)
7.2.2The Committees of the National People’s Congress(163)
7.2.3Deputies to the National People’s Congress(164)
7.3Head of the State(166)
7.3.1Election and Term of Office of the President(166)
7.3.2Functions and Powers of the President(167)
7.3.3Work of the Vice?President(168)
7.4Central Administrative Organs(169)
7.4.1The Nature and Status of the Central Administrative Organs(169)
7.4.2Composition and Term of Office of the State Council(169)
7.4.3Leadership System of the State Council(170)
7.4.4Functions and Powers of the State Council(171)
7.4.5Ministries and Commissions under the State Council(173)
7.5The Central Military Commission(174)
7.5.1Nature and Status of the Central Military Commission(174)
7.5.2Composition and Term of Office of the Central Military Commission(174)
7.5.3Responsibility of the Central Military Commission(175)
Chapter 8Local State Organs(176)
8.1Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Government at
Various Levels(176)
8.1.1Local People’s Congresses at Various Levels(176)
8.1.2The Standing Committees of Local People’s Congresses at Various Levels(180)
8.1.3Local People’s Governments at Various Levels(182)
8.2National Autonomous Organs and the Organs of the Special
Administrative Regions(185)
8.2.1The Organs of Self?government of National Autonomous Area(185)
8.2.2The Organs of the Special Administrative Regions(186)
8.4The People’s Courts and the People’s Procuratorates(193)
8.4.1The People’s Courts(193)
8.4.2The People’s Procuratorates(196)
Chapter 9Self?government System of the Grass?roots(198)
9.1Self?government of Villagers(199)
9.1.1Organs of Villagers’ Self?government(199)
9.1.2Rights of Villagers Self?government(201)
9.2Self?government of Urban Residents(203)
9.2.1Organs of Urban Residents Self?government(203)
9.2.2Rights of Urban Residents’ Self?government(206)
Epilogue(208)