1 INTRODUCTION What is endocrinology? What do hormones do? Types of hormone: their synthesis and secretion The tra port and metabolism of hormones Important concepts in endocrine regulation Endocrine disorde Endocrine investigatio : general principles 2 RECEPTORS AND HORMONE ACTION Introduction General characteristics of recepto Types of hormone recepto Cell-membrane recepto Hormonal regulation of tra cription Intracellular recepto Disorde of receptor function 3 THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY PART I: THE HYPOTHALAMUS ANDPOSTERIOR PITUITARY Introduction Where can I find the hypothalamus and pituitary? Connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary Development of the hypothalamus and pituitary The hormones of the hypothalamus The hormones of the posterior pituitary Release of posterior pituitary hormones is part of aneuroendocrine reflex: oxytocin secretion and actio Regulation of vasopressin secretion Actio of arginine vasopressin Disorde of vasopressin secretion and action Thi t Other hypothalamic hormones 4 THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY PART II: THE ANTERIORPITUITARY Introduction Structure of the anterior pituitary The hormones of the anterior pituitary Regulation of hormone secretion in the anteriorpituitary Growth hormone and prolactin in blood Actio of the anterior pituitary hormones growth: hormone and prolactin Disorde of anterior pituitary function: over-secretion Disorde of under-secretion of anterior pituitary hormones Tests for hypopituitarism I ufficient growth hormone secretion 5 THE ADRENAL GLANDS PART I: THE ADRENAL MEDULLA Introduction Where to find the adrenal glands Blood supply Nerve supply Embryology of the adrenal gland The adrenal medulla Disorde of the adrenal medulla:phaeochromocytorna Familial phaeochromocytoma Pharmacological uses of hormones of the adrenalmedulla 6 THE ADRENAL GLANDS PART II: THE ADRENAL CORTEX Introduction Structure of the adrenal cortex Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex Regulation of steroid production Tra port of steroid hormones in blood Disorde of adrenal steroids Pharmacological use of glucocorticoids 7 THE THYROID GLAND Introduction Thyroid anatomy What is a goitre? Blood supply Structure of the thyroid Synthesis of thyroid hormones Iodine Thyroxine and T3: the thyroid hormones in blood Control of thyroid function Cellular action of thyroid hormones Effects of thyroid hormones Disorde of thyroid hormone secretion Causes of thyroid hyposecretion Effects of thyroid hormone i ufficiency: myxoedema 8 HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION PART I: MALE REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM Introduction Where are the testes? What are the testes? Testicular blood and nerve supply Spermatogenesis Androgen production Hormonal control of testicular function Tra port of testosterone in blood Actio of testosterone Hormone-dependent cancer in men Disorde of male reproduction Therapeutic uses of androge Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids Declining sperm counts 9 HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION PART II: FEMALEREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Introduction Structure of the ovary Ovarian hormones Tra port and metabolism of oestrogen and progesterone Oestroge Androgen secretion by,the ovaries Hormonal regulation of ovarian function Hormone-dependent cancer in women The me trual cycle Disorde of the me trual cycle The endocrinology of pregnancy 10 HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION PART III: DEVELOPMENT ANDFERTILITY Introduction Gender determination and differentiation Hormonal control of sexual differentiation Abnormalities of sexual differentiation Hormones during development: puberty and menarche Disorde of puberty Menopause and the climacteric Premature ovarian failure Symptoms of the menopause Hormone replacement therapy Alternative therapies Hormonal control of fertility: contraception Hormonal control of fertility: assisted conception 11 INSULIN AND THE REGULATION OF PLASMA GLUCOSE Introduction Glucose in urine I ulin and the respo e to high blood glucose levels Disorde of blood glucose regulation: diabetes mellitus Gestational diabetes The metabolic syndrome--a growing problem? 12 HORMONAL REGULATION OF PLASMA CALCIUM AND CALCIUMMETABOLISM Introduction Serum calcium The structure, functio and endocrinology of bone Hormones involved in the regulation of serum calcium Parathyroid hormone Calcitriol: source and activation of vitamin D Effects of other hormones on plasma calcium Disorde of hypercalcaemia Disorde of hypocalcaemia Diseases of bone A brief mention of calcitonin Regulation of serum phosphate 13 MISCELLANEOUS HORMONES Erythropoietin Immune-endocrine interactio : cytokines andeicosanoids Age-related changes in hormone secretion Melatonin Gut hormones The hormonal control of appetite: fat is an endocrinetissue Multiple organ disorde in endocrinology Regulation of blood pressure and volume The next 100 yea of endocrinology Glossary Index
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