Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics 1.1 The multifaceted nature of language 1.2 Features of language 1.3 Functions of language 1.4 Types of language 1.4.1 Natural languages and artificial languages 1.4.2 Genetic classification of languages 1.4.3 Typological classification of languages 1.5 The evolution of language 1.6 Linguistics: the scientific study of language 1.6.1 Linguistics as a science 1.6.2 Branches of linguistics 1.6.3 Schools of linguistics 1.6.4 Features of modern linguistics
Chapter 2 Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds 2.1 The study of speech sounds 2.2 The sound-producing mechanism 2.3 Phonetic transcription of speech sounds 2.3.1 Unit of representation 2.3.2 Phonetic symbols 2.4 Description of English consonants 2.5 Description of English vowels 2.6 Phonetic features and natural classes
Chapter 3 Phonology: The Study of Sound Systems and Patterns 3.1 The study of sound systems and patterns 3.2 Phonemes and allophones 3.3 Discovering phonemes 3.3.1 Contrastive distribution 3.3.2 Complimentary distribution 3.3.3 Free variation 3.3.4 The discovery procedure 3.4 Distinctive features and non-distinctive features 3.5 Phonological rules 3.6 Syllable structure 3.7 Sequence of phonemes 3.8 Suprasegmental features 3.8.1 Stress 3.8.2 Intonation 3.8.3 Tone 3.8.4 The functioning of stress and intonation in English
Chapter 4 Morphology: The Study of Word Structure 4.1 Word, lexeme and morphology 4.2 Morpheme: the minimal meaningful unit of language 4.3 Root, base and stem 4.4 Classification of morphemes 4.4.1 Free and bound morphemes 4.4.2 Inflectional and derivational morphemes 4.5 Formation of English words 4.5.1 Derivation 4.5.2 Compounding 4.5.3 Other types of English word formation
Chapter 5 Syntax: The Analysis of Sentence Structure 5.1 Grammaticality 5.2 Knowledge of sentence structure 5.3 Different approaches to syntax 5.4 Transformational-generative grammar 5.4.1 The goal of a TG grammar 5.4.2 Syntactic categories 5.4.3 Phrase structure rules 5.4.4 Tree diagrams 5.4.5 Recursion and the infinitude of language 5.4.6 Subcategorization of the lexicon …… Chapter 6 Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning Chapter 7 Pragmatics: The Analysis of Meaning in Context Chapter 8 Text Analysis: Exploring Principles of TextConstruction Chapter 9 Language and Society Chapter 10 Language and Culture Chapter 11 Second Language Acquisition Chapter 12 Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching References Key to Exercises An English-Chinese Glossary Appendix Ⅰ The Indo-European Language Family Appendix Ⅱ Families/Groups of Languages Appendix Ⅲ 語(yǔ)言學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方法舉要
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