This book describes the practical techniques for connecting the phenomenology of particle physics with the accepted modern theory known as the 'Standard Model'. The Standard Model of elementary particle interactions is the outstanding achievement of the past forty years of experimental and theoretical activity in particle physics. This book gives a detailed account of the Standard Model, focussing on the techniques by which the model can produce information about real observed phenomena. The text opens with a pedagogic account of the theory of the Standard Model. Introductions to the essential calculation techniques needed, including effective lagrangian techniques and path integral methods, are included. The major part of the text is concerned with the use of the Standard Model in the calculation of physical properties of particles. Rigorous and reliable methods (radiative corrections and nonperturbative techniques based on symmetries and anomalies) are emphasized, but other useful models (such as the quark and Skyrme models) are also described. The strong and electroweak interactions are not treated as independent threads, but rather are woven together into a unified phenomenological fabric. Manyexercises and diagrams are included.
作者簡介
John Donoghue,美國馬薩諸塞州大學(xué)物理系教授。1976年在馬薩諸塞大學(xué)獲得博士學(xué)位。主要研究領(lǐng)域有粒子物理學(xué),廣義相對論,有效場論和宇宙論。Eugene Golowich,美國馬薩諸塞州大學(xué)物理系教授。1965年在康乃爾大學(xué)獲得理論物理博士學(xué)位。主要研究領(lǐng)域是高能物理。Barry Holstein,美國馬薩諸塞州大學(xué)物理系教授。1969年在卡內(nèi)基-梅隆大學(xué)獲得博士學(xué)位。主要研究領(lǐng)域是高能物理。
圖書目錄
Preface I Inputs to the Standard Model I.1 Quarks and leptons I.2 Chiral fermions The massless limit Parity, time reversal, and charge conjugation I.3 Symmetries and near symmetries Noether currents Examples of Noether currents Approximate symmetry I.4 Gauge symmetry Abelian case Nonabelian case Mixed case I.5 On the fate of symmetries Hidden symmetry Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the sigma model II Interactions of the Standard Model II.1 Quantum Electrodynamics U(1) gauge symmetry QED to one loop On-shell renormalization of the electric charge Electric charge as a running coupling constant II.2 Quantum Chromodynamics SU(3) gauge symmetry QCD to one loop Asymptotic freedom and renormalization group II.3 Electroweak interactions Weak isospin and weak hypercharge assignments SU(2) LxU(1)y gauge-invariant lagrangian Spontaneous symmetry breaking Electroweak currents II.4 Fermion mixing Diagonalization of mass matrices Quark mixing CP-violation and rephasing-invariants III Symmetries and anomalies III.1 Symmetries of the Standard Model III.2 Path integrals and symmetries The generating functional Noethers theorem and path integrals III.3 The U(1) axial anomaly Diagrammatic analysis Path integral analysis III.4 Classical scale invariance and the trace anomaly III.5 Chiral anomalies and vacuum structure The θ-vacuum The θ-term Connection with chiral rotations IV Introduction to effective lagrangians IV.1 Nonlinear lagrangians and the sigma model Representations of the sigma model Representation independence IV.2 Integrating out heavy fields The decoupling theorem Integrating out heavy fields at tree level IV.3 The low energy expansion Expansion in energy Loops Weinbergs power counting theorem IV.4 Symmetry breaking IV.5 PCAC The soft-pion theorem IV.6 Matrix elements of currents Matrix elements and the effective action IV.7 Heavy particles in effective lagrangians IV.8 Effective lagrangians in QED IV.9 Effective lagrangians as probes of new physics V Leptons V.1 The electron Breit-Fermi interaction QED corrections The infrared problem V.2 The muon Muon decay at tree-level Photon radiative corrections V.3 The tan Inclusive decays Exclusive leptonic decays Exclusive semileptonic decays V.4 The neutrinos Neutrino oscillations Terrestial searches for neutrino mixing Solar neutrinos Dirac mass and Majorana mass VI Very low energy QCD - pions and photons VIA QCD at low energies Vacuum expectation values and masses Pion leptonic decay and Fπ VI.2 Chiral perturbation theory to one loop The order E4 lagrangian The renormalization program VI.3 Interactions of pious and photons The pion form factor Rare pion processes VI.4 Pionopion scattering VI.5 The axial anomaly and π0 →γγ VI.6 The physics behind the QCD chiral lagrangian VII Introducing kaons and etas VII.1 Quark masses VII.2 Higher order analysis of decay constants and masses Ambiguities in mass parameters Decay constants Masses VII.3 The Wess-Zumino-Witten anomaly action VII.4 The η(960) η0-η8 mixing VIII Kaons and the AS = 1 interaction VIII.1 Leptonic and semileptonic processes Leptonic decay Kaon beta decay and Vu8 The decay K→ππeve VIII.2 The nonleptonic weak interaction VIII.3 Short distance behavior Short distance operator basis Perturbative analysis Renormalization group analysis VIII.4 The ΔI = 1/2 rule Phenomenology Chiral lagrangian analysis Vacuum saturation VIII.5 Rare kaon decays IX Kaon mixing and CP violation IX.1 K0-K0 mixing Mass matrix phenomenology Box diagram contribution IX.2 The phenomenology of lmon CP violation IX.3 Kaon CP violation in the Standard Model Analysis of Penguin contribution to ε Additional contributions to ε IX.4 Electric dipole moments IX.5 The strong CP problem The parameter Connections with the neutron electric dipole moment X The Nc-1 expansion X.1 The nature of the large Nc limit X.2 Spectroscopy in the large Nc limit X.3 Goldstone bosons and the axial anomaly X.4 The OZI rule X.5 Chiral lagrangians X.6 Weak nonleptonic decays XI Phenomenological models XI.l Quantum numbers of QQ and Q3 states Hadronic flavor-spin state vectors Quark spatial wavefunctions Interpolating fields XI.2 Potential model Basic ingredients Mesons Baryons Color dependence of the interquark potential XI.3 Bag model Static cavity Spherical cavity approximation Gluons in a bag The quark-gluon interaction A sample fit XI.4 Skyrme model Sine-Gordon soliton Chiral SU(2) soliton The Skyrme soliton Quantization and wavefunctions XI.5 QCD sum rules Correlators Operator product expansion Master equation Examples XII Baryon properties XII.1 Matrix element computations Flavor and spin matrix elements Overlaps of spatial wavefunctions Connection to momentum eigenstates Calculations in the Skyrme model XII.2 Electroweak matrix elements Magnetic moments Semileptonic matrix elements XII.3 Symmetry properties and masses Effective lagrangian for baryons Baryon mass splittings and quark masses Goldberger-Treiman relation The nucleon sigma term Strangeness in the nucleon Quarks and their spins in baryons XII.4 Nuclear weak processes Measurement of Vud The pseudoscalar axial form factor XII.5 Hyperon semileptonic decay XII.6 Nonleptonic decay Phenomenology Lowest-order chiral analysis Quark model predictions XIII Hadron spectroscopy XIII.1 The charmonium and bottomonium systems XIV Weak interactions of heavy quarks XV The Higgs boson