Introduction to Second Edition xvii AcknowledgmenB xix Chapter One The Fundamentals 1.1 Historic View of Telecommunications 1.1.l Data Communications HistoO/ l.1.2 Telephony HistoQ/ 1.2 Standards Organizations 1.2.1 The 5tandards Process l.2.2 Organizations Here and Abroad 1.2.2.1 International Telecommunications Union l.2.2.2 International Organization for 5tandards Ilsol 1.2.2.3 European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) 1.2.2.4 Arnerican National Standards Institute 1.2.2.5 Bell Communications Research IBellcorel 1.2.2.6 Exchange Carriers Standards Association (ECSA) 1.2.2.7 Electronics Industries Association (EIA) 1.2.2.8 Ins8tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1.2.2.9 Federal Communications Commission 1.2.2.10 Network Reliability Council (NRC) 1.2.2.11 Federal Telecommunications Standards Committee (FTSC) 1.2.2.12 National Bureau of Standards (NBS) 1.2.2.13 Defense Communications Agency (DCA) 1.2.2.14 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1.2.2.15 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) 1.2.2.16 ATM Forum 1.3 Digital Transmission Fundamentals 1.3.1 From Electrical to Binary 1.3.2 Alphabet Soup--ASCII and EBCDIC l.3.3 Digitizing Voice 1.4. The Basics of Telecommunications Protocols 1.4.1 Protocol Services 1.4.1.1 Protocol Tasks 1.4.1.1.1 Segmentation and Reassembly 1.4.1.1.2 Encapsulation 1.4.1.I.3 Connection Control 1.4.I.I.4 Ordered DeliveO/ 1.4.1.I.5 Flow Control 1.4.I.1.6 Error Detection/Correction 1.4.2 Lnyering and IE Advantages 1.4.3 The Open System InterconnecBon (OSI) Model 1.4.3.1 The OSI Lnyers 1.5. Networking Fundamentals 1.5. 1 Evolution to Distributed Processing 1.5.2 ClienV5erver EnvironmenE 1.5.3 The Local Area Network 1.5.3. 1 Services Provided 1.5.3.2 Routing Principles 1.5.4 Wide Area Networks (WANs)-The OuBide Connection 1.5.4.1 Services Provided 1.5.4.2 Routing Principles 1.5.5 Switching Principles 1.5.5.1 Circuit 5witching 1.5.5.2 Packet Switching 1.5.5.3 Cell Relay 1.5.6 ChapterTest Chapter Two The Evolving Telephone Network 2.1 The Infrastructure 2.1.1 Predivestiture Bell System Networks 2.1.2 Postdivestiture Bell 5ystem Networks 2.1.2.1 Newl 5witching Hierarchy 2.1.2.2 Local Access Transpon Areas 2.1.3 About Divestiture and IB Reasoning-Winds of Change 2.1.4 New Telecommunications Law 2.2 The National Information Infrastructure 2.2.1 The Objective 2.2.2 The Promise of Equal Access to Adl 2.2.3 Cost and More Cost-The Reality 2.3. The North Carolina Information Highway 2.3.1 Model Citizen or Political Agenda 2.4 The Backbone 2.4.1 From Analog to Digital Trunking Z.4.1.1 Multiplexing 2.4.1.2 Time Division Multiplexing 2.4.2 The Digital Hierarchy-DS I and DS3 2.4.2.1 T-1 Facilities 2.4.3 SONEr-The New Fiber Backbone 2.5 The Private Network 2.5.1 Private Branch Exchanges 2.5.Z Features and Capabilities of Private Networks 2.5.3 Voice and Data Integration 2.5.3.1 Voice over IP IVoIPI 2.5.4 Centrex Services 2.5.5 Computer Telephony Applications 2.5.5.1 TAPI 2.5.5.2 ASAI/SCAI 2.6. The Transpon 2.6.1 The Evolution ofATM 2.7 The 5ubscriber Inte6ace 2.7.1 Integrated Services-Pulling It/All Together 2.8 Chapter Test Chapter Three LANS to WANs 3.1 Evolution to Distributed Processing 3.1 . 1 An Overview of Mainframes and Their Applications 3.1 . 2 The Move to Personal Computers 3.2 LAN Technology-Connecting to the Desktop 3.2.1 Topologies and Basic Architecture 3.2.2 LAN Devices 3.2.2.1 Repeaters 3.2.2.2 Bridge 3.2.2.3 Routers 3.2.2.4 Other Network Devices 3.2.3 An Overview of Ethernet 3.2.3.1 Media Access Control 3.2.3.2 Logical Link Layer 3.2.3.3 Acknowledged Connectionless Service 3.2.4 An Overview of Token Ring 3.2.5 An Overview of FDDI 3.2.6 Client/Server 3.2.7 Network Operating Systems 3.3. Bridging the Gap with Wide Area Networks 3.3.1 Basic Architecture and Options Available 3.3.2 X.25 Packet Switching 3.3.3 Using T-I for Connectiviq/ 3.3.4 5witched 5b 3.3.5 Frame Relay 3.3.6 15DN 3.3.7 TCP/IP 3.4. Internet as a Model 3.4. I Lessons to Be Learned #om the Internet 3.4.2 Issues to Resolve----Corporate Policies and Legislature 3.4.3 Corporate 501ution3-The Intranet 3.5 The Internet Infrastructure---Worldwide Networking 3.5.1 Who Is in Control?-Supercomputer Centers 3.5.2 Direct or Indirect-Gening Conneaed 3.6. Internet 5ervices 3.6.1 E-Mail-Global DeliveO/ 3.5.2 Information Exchange--File Transfer 3.6.3 Cheap Remote Access-Terminal Emulation 3.6.4 Blessing or Curse7-Newsgroups 3.6.5 Commercialized Internet-World Wide Web 3.7. Fad or Reality-Voice on the Internet 3.7. I VoIP Network Elements 3.7.2 Carrier Grade Service 3.7.3 VoIP Standards 3.7.4 Conclusion 3.8. Chapter Test Chapter Four TCP/IP-Protocol of the Internet 4.1 Introduction 4.1.l History of TCP/IP 4.1.2 OvervieN of Internets 4.1.2. 1 Autonomous Systems 4.1.3 Description ofTCP/IP 4.2. TCP/IP Standards 4.2.1 Standards Documentation 4.2.2 Sandards Groups 4.3. Internet Protocol 4.3.1 IPHeader 4.3.2 IPAddressing 4.3.2. 1 SockeB and Pons 4.3.2.2 IP Addresses 4.3.2.3 Subnet Masking 4.3.3 Domain Name System 4.3.4 Routing in an Internet 4.3.4.1 Source Routing 4.3.4.2 mme 5tamping 4.3.4.3 Circular Routing 4.3.4.3. I Split Horizon 4.3.4.3.2 Poison Reverse 4.3.4.3.3 Triggered Updates 4.3.5 IP Routing Protocols 4.3.5.1 Address Resolution Protocol 4.3.5.2 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol 4.3.5.3 Routing Information Protocol 4.3.5.4 Open Shonest Path First 4.3.5.4. 1 HELLO Protocol 4.3.6 IP Services 4.3.6.1 Fragmentation and Reassembly 4.3.7 Internet Control Message Protocol 4.4 Transpon Control Protocol 4.4.1 TCP Header 4.4.1.1 Processing of Urgent Data 4.4.l.2 Processing of Push Data 4.4.2 TCP Pons and SockeB 4.4.3 TCP Services 4.4.3.1 TCP Error and Flow Control 4.4.3.2 TCP Management 4.5. User Datagram Protocol 4.5.1 UDP Header 4.6 Internet Application Protocols 4.6.1 TELNET 4.6.2 File Transfer Protocol 4.6.3 Trivial File Transfer Protocol 4.6.4 Simple Mail Transpon Protocol 4.6.4.1. Post Office Protocol 4.6.5 Network News Transport Protocol 4.6.6 Hypertext Transport Protocol 4.6.7 SLIP and PPP 4.7. Network Management 4.7. 1 Simple Network Management Protocol 4.7.1.1 Management InFormation Base 4.8. Chapter Test Chapter Five 5ignaling System #7 5.1. From Signaling to Control 5.1.1 Signaling Methods-How They Evolved 5.1.2 Common Channel Signaling-The Advantages 5.1.3 ARer 5ignaling-Autonomous Network Control 5.2. Intelligent Networks 5.2.1 What is Intelligence7 5.2.2 Future Services 5.2.2.1 Intelligent Routing 5.2.2.2 5man Custom Features 5.2.2.3 Database Access-Key to Intelligence 5.2.2.4 End-to-End Subscriber Services 5.2.3 Broadband RequiremenE 5.3. SS7 Architecture 5.3.1 Data Links 5.3.1.1 56/64-kbps Links 5.3.1.2 1.544-Mbps Links 5.3.1.3 ATM Links 5.3.2 Network Componene 5.3.2.1 The Service Switching Point 5.3.2.2 The Signal Transfer Point 5.3.2.3 The Service Control Point 5.4 SS7 Protocols 5.4.1 Message Transfer Part 5.4.1.1 Network Management 5.4.2 Signaling ConneHion Control Pan 5.4.3 Transaction Capabilities Application Pan 5.4.4 Telephone User PaR 5.4.5 IS5DN User Pan 5.5. Chapfer Test Chapter Six ISDN and Broadband ISDN 6.1 ISDN-An Overview of Its Capability 6.1.1 ISDN Standards 6.1.2 ISDN Features 6.1.3 Services and Applications 6.2. Subscriber Inte#ace to SS7 6.2.1 End-to-End 5ignaling with DSS-1 6.2.2 Private Intelligent Networks 6.3. Early ISDN Issues 6.3.1 The Can Before the Horse---Premature Offering 6.3.2 Interoperability-Where Did the Standards Go? 6.3.3 ConRguration-The Consumer Nightmare 6.4. ISDN Network Architecture 6.4.1 Basic Rate Interface b.4.2 Primaty Rate Interface b.4.3 Channel Usage 6.4.4 The Nodes and the Reference Points 6.4.4. I ISDN Functions 6.4.4.2 ISDN Reference Points b.4.5 Protocols of ISDN 6.4.5.1 Unk Access Procedure for the D Channel 6.4.5.1. I LAPD 5equencing 6.4.5.1.2 Management 6.4.5.1.3 Connection Establishment 6.4.5.1.4 LAPD Flow Control and Error Detection/Correction 6.4.5.2 B Channel Data Link Protocol 6.4.5.2.1 V.120 Connection Establishment 6.4.5.3 ISDN Layer Three 6.4.5.3.1 Q.931 Message Applications 6.4.5.3.2 Call Establishment Messages 6.4.5.3.3 Call Information Phase Messages 6.4.5.3.4 Call Clearing Messages 6.4.5.3.5 Miscellaneous Messages 6.4.5.3.6 Q.93 1 Message Parameters 6.5 Broadband ISDN-The Future 6.5.1 Overview of BISDN Advantages 6.5.1.1 BISDN Arcnitecture 6.5.2 BISDN and ATM-What Do They Have to Offer One Another? 6.6 Frame Relay 6.7. Chapter Test Chapter Seven The Cellular Network 7.1 From Radiotelephone to Cellular Telephones 7.1.1 Overview of Radiotelephone Networks 7.1.2 The Cellular Solution-Architecture and Distribution 7.2. Cellular Nehhlork Architecture and Protocols 7.2.1 The U.S. Network 7.2.2 The International Network 7.2.3 Cellular Operations 7.2.4 Time Division Multiple Access 7.Z.5 Coded Division Multiple Access 7.2.6 Global System for Mobile Communications 7.2.7 CDPD - Packet Switching over Cellular 7.3. Personal Communications Services 7.3.1 New Network and New Services 7.3.2 GSM-To Be or Not to Be 7.4. Specialized Wireless Solutions 7.4.1 One Number Service 7.4.2 Data Access 7.4.3 Alarm Services 7.4.4 Telemetering 7.5 ChapterTest Chapter Eight The Fiber Backbone 8.1 From Copper to Fiber 8.1.1 Existing Digital Transmission Oveview 8.1.2 S0NET-The So1ution 8.2 S0NET Overview 8.2.1 S0NET Network Nodes 8.2.2 The S0NET Protocol 8.2.3 S0NET Framing 8.2.3.1 Virtual Tributaries 8.2.3.2 Byte Interleaving 8.2.3.3 Automatic Protection Switching 8.3 Fiber in The Loop 8.3.1 Current Implementation Plans 8.4 Chapter Test Chapter Nine ATM-Key to the Future 9.1 Integrating the Public 5witched Telephone Network 9.1.1 The Reason forATM 9.1.2 From the Network to the Desktop 9.1.3 From LAN to LAN 9.l.4 ATM Services and Applications 9.1.4. l Voice Networks 9.1.4.2 HigkSpeed Data 9.1.4.3 High-Resolution Graphics 9.1.4.4 Video and Audio 9.1.4.5 Interactive Multimedia 9.l.4.6 ATM 5ervices 9.1.4.7 ATM Bearer Services and Classes of Service 9.2 ATM Network Access 9.2.1 User-to-Network Interface 9.2.2 Network-t0-Network Interface 9.3. ATM Overview 9.3.1 ATM Planes q.3.1.1 OAM Messages 9.3.1.2 OAM Connectivity Verincation 9.3.1.3 Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) 9.3.2 ATM Layers 9.3.3 ATM Header and Payload 9.3.4 Routing in ATM--VCI/VPI 9.3.5 ATM Signaling 9.3.5.1 ATM Addressing 9.3.6 Adaptation Layer 9.4 Chapter Test Appendix A Communications Evolution A.1 History of Computing A.2. History of Telephony Appendix B Chapter Test Answers Bibliography Index 421
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