Preface xxi
Preface to the First Edition xxii
Acknowledgments xxiii
How to Use This Book xxv
Introduction
1.1 A Definition of ISDN
1.2 The Forces Driving ISDN
1.3 ISDN Integrated Access
1.4 ISDN Digital Services
1.5 What ISDN Is and Isn't
1.6 Where to from Here
Chapter 1 Telecommunications Background for ISDN
1. 1 Communications Basics
1.1.1 Analog and Digital Signals
1.1.2 Amplifiers and Repeaters
1.1.3 Structure of the Telephone Network
The Predivestiture Network
The Postdivestiture Network
1.1.4 Passband Bandwidth
1.1.5 The Telephone Local Loop
1.1.6 Multiplexing
1.2 Digital Telephony
1.2.1 The Move to a Digital Telephone Network
1.2.2 Digitizing Voice and Pulse Code Modulation
1.2.3 The Digital TDM Hierarchy
1.2.4 Digital Signals on the Local Loop
1.2.5 Full-Duplex Communication on the Local Loop
1.3 Types of Switched Networks
1.3.1 Circuit Switching
1.3.2 Packet Switching
1.3.3 Fast Packet Technologies
1.4 Open Systems !nterconnection Reference Model
1.4.1 OSI Layers
1.4.2 Packet Swtiching and X.25
1.4.3 Protocol Architectures
Chapter 2 ISDN Terms, Definitions, and Standards
2.1 ISDN Channels
2.1.1 The D-Channel
2.1.2 The B-Channel
2.1.3 H-Channels
2.2 Access Interfaces
2.2.1 Basic Rate Interface
2.2.2 Primary Rate Interface
2.3 Functional Devices and Reference Points
2.3.1 ISDN Functional Devices
2.3.2 ISDN Reference Points
2.3.3 B-ISDN Channels, Functional Devices,
and Reference Points
2.4 Standards Organizations
2.4.1 The ITU-T
2.4.2 The American National Standards Institute
2.4.3 Bellcore
2.4.4 The European Telecommunications
Standards Institute
2.4.5 Other Standards Organizations
2.4.6 Industry Consortia
2.5 Summary
Chapter 3 Overview of ISDN Services
3.1 Service Requirements
3.2 ISDN Services
3.3 Bearer Services and Attributes
3.3.1 Information Transfer Attributes
3.3.2 Access Attributes
3.3.3 General Attributes and Supplementary Services
3.4 Teleservices
3.5 Broadband Services
3.6 Sample Service Profiles
3.6.1 Bearer Service Categories
3.6.2 Bearer Service Requirements for the United States
3.6.3 Final Comments
3.7 Summary
Chapter 4 ISDN Protocol Architecture
4.1 Protocol Planes
4.2 Protocols, Channels, and Reference Points
4.3 Summary
Chapter 5 Physical Layer Protocols
5.1 Basic Rate Interface
5.1.1 ITU-T Recommendation 1.430 (S/T
Reference Point)
Topology
Physical Connector and Power
Une Code and Frame Format
Initializing the BRI Link
5.1.2 ANSI T1.601 (U Reference Point)
5.1.3 Non-2B1 Q U Reference Point Standards
5.1.4 Alternate Access Facilities
5.1.5 BRI Summary
5.2 Primary Rate Interface
5.2.1 The 1.544-Mbps (1544-kbps) Interface
5.2.2 The 2.048-Mbps (2048-kbps) Interface
5.2.3 PRI Support of Nx64 and H-Channels
5.3 Summary
Chapter 6 The D-Channel Data Link Protocol
6.1 Link Access Procedures on the D-Channel
6.1.1 LAPD Frames
6.1.2 Flags and Zero-Bit Insertion
6.1.3 The Control Field and LAPD Frame Types
6.1.4 LAPD Addressing
6.2 Special Features of LAPD
6.2.1 Multiplexing, TEIs, and SAPIs
6.2.2 SAPI and TEI Definitions
6.2.3 TEI Management
6.2.4 System Parameters and Timers
6.2.5 Contention in the Point-to-Multipoint
Configuration
6.3 LAPB and LAPD
6.4 Summary
Chapter 7 The D-Channel Layer 3 Protocol
7.1 Layer 3 User-Network Signaling
7.2 Message Format
7.2.1 Protocol Discriminator
7.2.2 Call Reference
7.2.3 Message Type
7.2.4 Other Information Elements
7.3 Basic Circuit-Mode Calls
7.3.1 Setting a Profile
7.3.2 Connecting the Call
7.3.3 Disconnecting the Call
7.4 Basic Packet-and Frame-Mode Calls
7.4.1 Circuit-Mode Access to Remote Packet
Handlers
7.4.2 B-Channel Access to the ISDN Virtual
Circuit Service
7.4.3 D-Channel Access to the ISDN Virtual
Circuit Service
7.4.4 Frame-Mode Calls
7.5 Controlling and Invoking Supplementary Services
7.5.1 The Keypad Protocol
7.5.2 The Feature Key Management Protocol
7.5.3 The Functional Protocol
7.6 The Human-Network Interface in the ISDN Era
7.7 Numbering and Addressing
7.7.1 Telephone Numbers
7.7.2 PSPDN Numbering
7.7.3 ISDN Numbers and Addresses
7.8 Summary
Chapter 8 Packet-and Frame-Mode Bearer Services
8.1 X.25 Packet-Mode Services
8.1.1 X.31 Case A
8.1.2 X.31 Case B
8.1.3 X.25 Call Example
8.2 Frame-Mode Bearer Services
8.2.1 Frame-Mode Data Link Layer Protocol
8.2.2 FMBS Protocol Architecture
8.2.3 Frame Relay
8.2.4 Frame-Mode Call Control
8.3 Summary
Chapter 9 National ISDN
9. 1 National ISDN
9.1.1 National ISDN Definition
9.1.2 The Goal of National ISDN
9.1.3 Initial Players
9.1.4 National ISDN Focus
9.2 National ISDN-1
9.3 National ISDN-2
9.4 National ISDN-3
9.5 The Future of National ISDN
9.6 Summary
Chapter 10 Signaling System No.7
10.1 Network Signaling Systems
10.1.1 In-Band Signaling
10.1.2 Out-of-Band Signaling
10.1.3 Common Channel Signaling
10.1.4 CCS Network Components
10.1.5 CCS Signaling Modes
10.1.6 ITU-T Signaling Systems No. 6 and No. 7
10.2 SS7 Protocol Overview
10.2.1 Message Transfer Part
10.2.2 MTP Level 1
10.2.3 MTP Level 2
10.2.4 MTP Level 3
10.2.5 Signaling Connection Control Part
10.2.6 User and Application Parts
10.2.7 ISDN User Part
10.2.8 Transaction Capabilities Application Part
10.2.9 Operations, Maintenance, and
Administration Part
10.2.10 B-ISDN Signaling
10.2.11 Summary
10.3 SS7 Services
10.3.1 800 Services
10.3.2 Other Data-Based Services
10.3.3 Private Network Access to SS7
10.3.4 Custom Local Area Signaling Services
10.4 Advanced Intelligent Networks
10.5 Summary
Chapter 11 ISDN Applications
11.1 ISDN Applications Overview
11.2 North Amedcan ISDN Users' Forum
11.3 Specific ISDN Applications
11.3.1 Core ISDN Applications
Enhanced Phone Service
Multimedia Conferencing
Router-Based Remote Access
Router-Based Remote Access and Dial-on-
Demand Routing
Router-Based Remote Access and Dial Backup
Router-Based Remote Access and Bandwidth
Aggregation
Router-Based Remote Access and Managed
Access
Router-Based Remote Access Hardware,
Software, and Provisioning Options
PC-Based Remote Access
11.3.2 Additional Applications
11.4 ISDN in Use Today
11.5 Summary
Chapter 12 ISDN Implementations
12.1 Interface Configurations in the United States
12.1.1 Primary Rate Configurations
12.1.2 Basic Rate Configurations
12.2 ISDN Services Offered in the United States
12.2.1 Bearer Service Offerings
Circuit-Mode Services
Packet-Mode Services
Frame Mode Services
12.2.2 Supplemental Service Offerings
Circuit-Mode Options
Packet-Mode Options
12.2.3 Teleservice Offerings
Voice-and Video-Based Teleservices
Data-Based Teleservices
12.3 Provisioning Options in the United States
12.3.1 National ISDN Ordering Codes
12.3.2 ISDN Service Availability Database
12.3.3 ISDN Anywhere
12.3.4 Service Profile Identifiers (SPID)
12.4 ISDN Activity in the United States
12.4.1 Local Exchange Carrier Activity
12.4.2 Interexchange Carrier Activity
12.4.3 Tariffs
12.5 International Implementations of ISDN
12.5.1 Canada
12.5.2 Mexico
12.5.3 Brazil
12.5.4 Europe
Belgium
France
Germany
United Kingdom
12.5.5 Russia
12.5.6 Japan
12.5.7 Other International Activity
12.6 Summary
Chapter 13 ISDN Products
13.1 Local Exchange Equipment
13.1.1 AT&T
13.1.2 Nortel (Northern Telecom) DMS-100
13.1.3 Other ISDN Switches
13.2 Basic Rate Interface Line Termination Equipment
and Extenders
13.3 On-Premises Switching and Multiplexing
13.3.1 PBXs
13.3.2 ISDN Concentrators, Gateways, and
Multiplexers
13.3.3 Integrated Services Local Area
Network/Isochronous Ethernet
13.4 ISDN Terminal Equipment
13.5 Terminal Adapters
13.6 ISDN Chip Sets
13.7 Test Equipment
13.7.1 Media Testing
13.7.2 Protocol Monitoring and Testing
13.7.3 Switch Simulators
13.7.4 Test Facilities
13.8 Applications Software
13.9 Summary
Chapter 14 Introduction to Broadband and Fast Packet Services
14.1 Why Do We Need Broadband Services?
14.1.1 The Need for Speed
14.1.2 Broadband Applications
14.1.3 The B-ISDN Challenge
14.2 Fast Packet Switching
14.3 Frame Relay
14.4 Cell Relay and ATM
14.4.1 Time-Division Multiplexing
14.4.2 Cell Relay
14.4.3 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
14.5 Final Comments
Chapter 15 Frame Relay Concepts and Protocols
15.1 Frame Relay Basics
15.1.1 Frame Relay Definition
15.1.2 Protocol Architecture
15.1.3 Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits
15.1.4 Frame Relay Standards
15.2 LAPF Protocol Basics
15.2.1 Frame Relay and X.25
15.2.2 LAPF Frame Format
15.2.3 Data Link Connection Identifiers
15.3 Frame Relay Procedures
15.3.1 Committed Information Rate and Class of
Service Parameters
15.3.2 Congestion in a Frame Relay Network
Explicit Congestion Notification
Implicit Congestion Notification
Consolidated Link Layer Management
15.3.3 PVC Management Procedures
15.3.4 Multicast Service
15.3.5 Customer Network Management
15.3.6 The Network-to-Network Interface
15.3.7 Other Extentions to Frame Relay
15.4 Summary
Chapter 16 Frame Relay Call Control Signaling
16.1 The Need for Switched Virtual Circuits
16.2 Frame Relay SVC Call Control
16.2.1 Q.933 Case A
16.2.2 Q.933 Case B
16.2.3 FRF SVC Implementation Agreement
16.3 Summary
Chapter 17 Frame Relay ApplicaUons, Products, and Services
17.1 Frame Relay Application Issues
17.2 Frame Relay Products
17.2.1 FRADs
17.2.2 Bridges and Routers
17.2.3 Switches
17.2.4 PC and Host Interfaces
17.2.5 Protocol Analyzers
17.2.6 Applications Software
17.3 Frame Relay Services
17.3.1 Service Providers
17.3.2 Internet Service Providers Supporting
Frame Relay Access
17.3.3 Frame Relay over ISDN
17.4 Summary
Chapter 18 ATM Concepts and Protocols
18.1 ATM Standards, Terms, and Concepts
18.1.1 ATM Standards Development
18.1.2 Interfaces and Functional Devices
18.1.3 ATM Connections
18.1.4 Cell Size
18.2 B-ISDN Protocol Architecture
18.3 B-ISDN Physical Layer
18.3.1 Physical Layer Functions
18.3.2 Media Options
18.3.3 Cell Transport on Digital Carriers
18.3.4 Transmission Format for SONET/SDH
18.4 The ATM Layer
18.4.1 Cell Header and ATM Layer Overview
18.4.2 Generic Flow Control
18.4.3 Virtual Path and Channel Identifiers
18.4.4 Payload Type Discrimination
18.4.5 Loss Priority Indication
18.4.6 Bit Error Detection and Cell Delineation
18.4.7 Traffic Management and Congestion Control
18.5 The ATM Adaptation Layer
18.5.1 AAL Protocol Types and Service Classes
18.5.2 AAL Protocol Overview
18.5.3 AAL Type 1
18.5.4 Type 2
18.5.5 AAL Types 3 and 4
18.5.6 AAL Type 5
18.5.7 The Service Specific Connection
Oriented Protocol
18.5.8 Delivered Bit Rates with Cell-Based Protocols
18.6 Frame-Based ATM Access Protocols
18.6.1 The ATM Data Exchange Interface
18.6.2 Frame User-to-Network Interface
18.7 Other ATM Services
18.7.1 Work in Progress
18.7.2 Interworking with Frame Relay
18.7.3 Interworking with ISDN
18.8 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 19 ATM Signaling across the UNI
19.1 DSS 2 Protocol Overview
19.1.1 SAAL
19.1.2 DSS 2 Network Layer
19.2 DSS 2 Messages and Formats
19.2.1 Protocol Discriminator
19.2.2 Call Reference
19.2.3 Message Type
19.2.4 Message Length
19.2.5 Other Information Elements
19.2.6 Contents of Information Elements Examples
19.2.7 ATM Host Addressing
19.3 Signaling Virtual Channels
19.4 Call Setup Examples
19.4.1 Point-to-Point Call Setup and Release
19.4.2 Point-to-Multipoint Call Setup
19.4.3 Multiple Connection Call Setup and
Termination
19.4.4 Connectionless Services
19.5 Interworking
19.6 Concluding Comment
Chapter 20 ATM Applications, Products, and Services
20.1 Applications
20.1.1 Business and Consumer Applications
20.1.2 The North Carolina Information Highway
20.2 Products
20.2.1 ATM Application Environments
20.2.2 ATM Switching Principles
Blocking
Switch Fabrics
Buffering Methods
Other Switch Characteristics
20.2.3 Product Examples
Switches
LAN Hubs
Routers
ATM DSUs
Endsystem Adapter Cards
ATM Chips
ATM Protocol Test Equipment
20.3 Services
20.4 Concluding Comments
Chapter 21 Switched Multimegabit Data Service
21.1 Overview and Background
21.2 SMDS Interfaces and Service Features
21.2.1 Protocol Interfaces and Network Components
21.2.2 Service Features
Address Screening
Source Address Validation
Performance and Quality of Service Objectives
Line Rates and Access Classes
SMDS Customer Network Management
21.3 SMDS User Access Protocols
21.3.1 User Information Transfer (SIP L3)
21.3.2 Celt-Based Access at SIP L2
DQDB-Based SIP L2
ATM and SIP L2
21.3.3 SIP Level 1
21.3.4 Data Exchange Interface
21.3.5 Frame-Based Access to SMDS
21.4 SMDS Applications
21.5 SMDS Products
21.5.1 Switches
21.5.2 Bridges and Routers
21.5.3 SMDS DSUs
21.5.4 Adapter Cards
21.5.5 Chip Sets
21.5.6 Protocol Test Equipment
21.6 SMDS Service Offerings
21.6.1 SMDS Deployment Phases
21.6.2 Service Offerings and Cost Elements
21.7 Summary
Chapter 22 ISDN, B-ISDN, and the Internet
22.1 Accessing the Internet: Why and How?
22.1.1 Why Use the Internet?
22.1.2 Access Options
22.1.3 Choosing the Type of Access Connection
22.1.4 ISDN Access to the Internet
22.1.5 Frame Relay Access to the Internet
22.1.6 SMDS and the Internet
22.1.7 ATM and the Internet
22.2 ISDN, B-ISDN, and Internet Protocols
22.2.1 TCP/IP Overview
22.2.2 IP and ISDN-Related Transport
IP over ISDN in Circuit-Mode
IP over ISDN in Packet-Mode
IP and Frame Relay
IP and SMDS
IP and ATM
22.2.3 Network Management
22.3 Summary
Chapter 23 Digital Subscriber Line Technologies (xDSL)
23.1 Setting the Stage
23.2 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
23.2.1 Technology Overview
23.2.2 Applications
23.2.3 Products, Services, and THais
23.2.4 ADSL and ISDN
23.3 Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line
23.4 Very High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line
23.4.1 Technology Overview
23.4.2 Applications
23.4.3 Open Issues and Futures
23.5 High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line
23.6 Single Line, or Symmetric, Digital Subscriber
Line
23.7 ISDN Digital Subscriber Line
23.8 Related Technologies
23.8.1 Cable Modems
23.8.2 56-kbps Modems
23.9 Summary
Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms
Appendix B ISDN and B-ISDN Specifications
B.1 ITU-T Recommendations
B.1.1 I-Series (ISDN) Recommendations
B.1.2 Q-Series (Signalling) Recommendations
Related to ISDN, B-ISDN, and SS7
B.1.3 X-Series (Data Networks and Open System
Communication) Recommendations Related
to ISDN
B.2 ADSL Forum Technical Reports
B.3 ANSI T1 Standards and Technical Reports (TRs)
B.4 ATM Forum Specifications
B.5 Bellcore Documents
B.6 ETSI Documents
B.7 Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreements
B.8 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
B.9 IETF Request for Comments (RFCs)
B.10 North American ISDN Users' Forum
B.11 SMDS Interest Group Implementation Agreements
Appendix C DSS Network Layer Messages and Information
Elements
C.1 Messages
C.1.1 Call Establishment Messages
C.1.2 Call Information Phase Messages
C.1.3 Call Clearing Messages
C.1.4 Miscellaneous Messages
C.1.5 Point-to-Multipoint Messages
C.2 Information Elements
Appendix D ISDN Information Resources
D.1 Sources of Recommendations, Implementation
Agreements, Standards, and Other Specifications
D.2 ISDN Resources on the Internet
D.2.1 Internet Discussion Lists and USENET
Newsgroups
D.2.2 Internet Information Servers
Glossary of ISDN-Related Terms
References
Index 795
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