Welcome to the world of telephony and telecommunications！ We areabout to embark on a descriptive and narrative overview of the telecom-munications industry. This book is designed to help clear the air for you.One of the major problems with this technology and industry is the useof jargon， or 'telephonese，' which causes confusion and misunderstandingin the industry for users， purchasers， and vendors alike Even professionalswho have been in the industry for years can have difficulty communicat-ing The reason is simple： too many acronyms are used， many with multi-ple meanings An acronym will mean one thing to a voice telephonyperson and something completely different to an engineer who has 20years of experience Your rule of thumb therefore， should be to disallow the use of telecom-munications acronyms in any discussions you have with any vendor， car-ries or end user. If the propensity exists for these people to use terms andacronyms， call a time-ouc Have them explain all the alphabet soup theyare using. You may be surprised to find out that they can't explain theacronyms This will obviously cause you some concern， but fear not; thesefolks will ultimately get to the point. Furthermore， since they won't beusing all those buzzwords， communications should flow more smoothly. Now that the stage is set， let's get into a basic discussion of telephonyand telecommunications principles. No magic exists here， merely anunderstanding of what telecommunications is all about： the principles ofa telephone， the line connections employed， the forms of communica-tions used， and an understanding of the telephone company networks.We intend to make .things as simple as possible as we cover the varioustechniques and terminology used throughout this book. Be aware， how-eves that no matter how simple we attempt to make this information andno matter how smoothly we attempt to steer you through the guides out-lined， this is a technical subject. Therefore， from time to time we may startsounding a little 'techie' This is not done to impress or confuse you—wejust cannot think of a way to make our explanation any more basic with-out destroying the flow. At any rate， this book is designed to give you afundamental understanding of the overall concepts used in the telecom-munications arena， both voice and data.
作者簡介
暫缺《語音與數(shù)據(jù)通信手冊（英文版）》作者簡介
圖書目錄
Introduction Chapter 1 The History of Telecommunications Who Really Invented the Telephone? Evolution of the Telecommunications Industry The First Telephone Companies Formed The Regulatory Scene "Hush-a-Phone" The Introduction of Competition The Divestiture Agreement Tariffs The Telecom Act of 1996 The Canadian Marketplace Chapter 2 Voice Characteristics The Medium Sound What Is Bandwidth? Voices Other Services Chapter 3 The Telephone Network A Topology of Connections Is Used The Local Loop The Network Hierarchy (Pre-1984) The Network Hierarchy (Post-1984) The Public-Switched Network The North American Numbering Plan The Area Code The Exchange Code The Subscriber Extension Private Networks Hybrid Networks Local Access and Transport Areas (LATAs) Wiring Connections: Hooking Things Up Types of Communications Equipment Chapter 4 The Telephone Sec The Function of the Telephone Set The Pieces Newer Sets Chapter S Analog versus Digital Transmission Introduction Analog Transmission Systems Analog-to-Digital Conversion Digital Signaling Digital Data in an Analog World Chapter 6 Carriers Local Exchange Carriers Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) Interexchange (IEC/IXC) Carriers Value-Added Carriers Alternate Operator Services Aggregators Competitive Access Providers Resellers Chapter 7 Lines versus Trunks Introduction DID DOD FX OFX Tie Lines WATS Private Line Comments on Lina and Trunk Networking Chapter 8 Traffic Engineering Where Can the Information Be Obtained? Accomplishing the Mission Using the Information Chapter 9 Equipment: Private Branch Exchanges Private Branch Exchange (PBX) Analog Systems Digital PBX Central Office Centrex Centrex Service Peripheral Devices Chapter 10 Key Telephone Systems Why Key Systems? Vendor Interfaces Key Players in the Key System Marketplace Chapter 11 Voice Processing Introduction Control Alternatives: Touch-Tone or Voice Recognition Automated Attendant A Few Important Points Not Directly Illustrated in the Dialogue Automatic Call Distributor Voice Mail Interactive Voice Response Chapter 12 Computer-to-Telephony Integration (CTI) Other Applications Why All the Hype? Linking Computers and Communications The Technology Advancement The Final Bond Technology Enhancements Other Technologies Summary Chapter 13 Data Communications Concepts Architectures Protocols Transmission Protocols (Synchronous vs. Asynchronous) Error Detection Parity Bit/Vertical Redundancy Checking (VRC) Longitudinal Redundancy Checking (LRC) Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC) Plexes—ommunications Channel Directions Compression Multiplexing Codes Modulation Devices Modems Chapter 14 T1 and the T-Carrier System Evolution of the T-Carrier System Analog Transmission Basics The Evolution to Digital Analog-to-Digital Conversion The Movement to End Users TI Basics Framed Format Bipolar Byte Synchronous Channelized versus Nonchannelized Digital Capacities Signaling Clocking (Network Synchronization) Performance Issues D3/D4 Framing Maintenance Issues Error Detection Errors of Omission/Commission ESF—A Step to Correct the Problem Framing The Facility Data Link Benefits of ESF Problems with ESF Chapter 15 The Open Systems Interconnect Model (OSI) Other Network Architectures SNA SNA Components The SSCP The Physical Unit The Logical Unit Digital Network Architecture (DNA) Internet Protocols (TCP/IP) IP TCP Chapter 16 Internet Introduction A Little History Structure (Who's at the Center—and Why) Why the Hype? Everybody as a Publisher Commercial Opportunity? Spam Web Advertising Web Site Protocols Naming Standards Gaining Access Internet Futures Chapter 17 Intranet Introduction Issues The Architecture Accessing the Network Intranet: The Logical Evolution Is It for Everyone? The Full-Service Intranet Applications Getting There from Here Other Issues Chapter 18 Packet Switching Technologies (X.25) Data Communications Problems The Data Communications Review Packet Switching Defined What Is Packet Switching? The Packet Switching Analogy The Paget Concept Overhead Summary of Packet Format The Packet Network The User ConneCtion Benefits of Packets Oeher Benefits Advantages of Packet Switching Other Components of Packet Switching The X.25 Numbering Plan Applications for X.25 Services Other Forms of Packets Chapter 19 Local Area Networks (LANs) What Are LANs? A LAN by Another Name Why They Are Used Distributed Systems Client/Server Architecture How They work Topologies Internetworking Chapter 20 Ethernet Concepts Components Fast Ethernet Chapter 21 Token Ring LANs Token Rings The IBM Token Concept Initial Layout Problems Encountered The Solution tO Physical Problems Cable Types Used Speeds Media Access Control Layer The Frame The Token The Abort Sequence The Frame Case Example Chapter 22 Baseband versus Broadband Baseband and Broadband Motivations Driving the LAN Decision Broadband Cable Systems Baseband vs. Broadband Chapter 23 Fiber Distributed Data interface FDDI Design FDDI Configuration FDDI on the OSl Model The FDDI Frame Synchronization FDDI Applications FDDI in the MAN FDDI Recovery FDDI-II Fast Ethernet Ethernet Switching Chapter 24 Switched Multimegabit Data Services What Is SMDS? The Local Environment Technology Used in SMDS The SMDS Goal Access Rates to SMDS Accessing the MAN The IEEE 802.6 Architecture The DQDB Architecture The MAN Access Unit The Data Handling Information Throughput Future Services on SMDS Chapter 25 Frame Relay What Is Frame Relay? Why Was Frame Relay Developed? The Significance of Frame Relay Comparing Frame Relay to Other Services Frame Relay Speeds Guaranteed Delivery Advantages of Frame Relay Services Services Available Frame Relay Standards The Major Players Others LMI Specification What the Standards State Voice Over Frame Relay Equipment International Advantages Disadvantages Chapter 26 Integrated Services Digital Network What Is ISDN? ISDN Defined Who Is Making the Rules? Why Do We Need ISDN? The Overall ISDN Concept Integration The ISDN Architecture Physical View Logical View Architecture Reality Basic Operating Characteristics Bearer Services Clear-Channel Capability Applications for ISDN ISDN Centrex versus PBX Service Centrex ISDN PBX Capabilities Applications for ISDN in Vertical Markets Messages and Frame Formats Chapter 27 Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM Capabilities What Is ATM? Broadband Communications Time-Division Multiplexing The Digital Hierarchy SONET The Cell Concept The Importance of Cells Cell Sizes and Formats The Cell Format for User Data The Adaptation Layer ATM Standards Protocols Equipment ATM in the LAN Environment Evaluating the Need for ATM What to Expect at the Desktop LAN to LAN via ATM LAN to MAN via ATM Local Exchange Carriers Interexchange Carriers CAP and Cable TV Suppliers CATV Companies Application Needs Driving Assess the Situation Chapter 28 Cellular and Personal Communications Systems Radio Transmission Problems with the AMPS/IMTS Cellular Communications Meeting the Demand The Telephone (Mobile) Set Cellular's Success and Loss Digital Transmission Voice Technology and Applications Facsimile Technology Data Transmission Digital Cellular Evolution Personal Communications Services Technology The Concept of PCS/PCN Why Personal Communications? The Evolution of Personal Communications Comparing PCS to Cellular Networks Chapter 29 Radio Systems Radio-Based Systems Satellite Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) Microwave Future Use of Microwave and Satellite Systems Chapter 30 Light Systems System Geometry Atmospheric Conditions Site Selection Licensing Requirements Bandwidth Capacities Applications Can the System Carry LAN Traffic Transparently? Advantages of Infrared Disadvantages of Infrared Fiber-optic Compatible Systems Chapter 31 Video Conferencing Video Conferencing Systems What Is Video Conferencing? Video Conferencing Overview The Parts of a Video System Standards in Video ConferencJng Multipoint Control Units Connecting the Parts Chapter 32 Finances for Telecommunications Introduction Benefits Costs Pricing Considerations Chapter 33 Facsimile Facsimile Transmission Types of Fax Printing Options Fax Boards Common Uses of Fax Future Machines Chapter 34 Cabling Systems Introduction Twisted Pair Coax Fiber Optics Applications of Fiber Fiber Differences Fiber Futures and Risks Appendix Index
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