Chapter 1 Introductory Concepts 1-1 Numerical Representation 1-2 Digital and Analog Systems 1-3 Digital Number Systems 1-4 Representing Binary Quantities 1-5 Digital Circuits/Logic Circuits 1-6 Parallel and Serial Transmission 1-7 Memory 1-8 Digital Computers Chapter 2 Number Systems and Codes 2-1 Binary-to-Decimal Conversions 2-2 Decimal-to-Binary Conversions 2-3 Hexadecimal Number System 2-4 BCD Code 2-5 The Gray Code 2-6 Putting it All Together 2-7 The Byte, Nibble, and Word 2-8 Alphanumeric Codes 2-9 Parity Method for Error Detection 2-10 Applications Chapter 3 Describing Logic Circuits 3-1 Boolean Constants and Variables 3-2 Truth Tables 3-3 OR Operation with OR Gates 3-4 AND Operation with AND Gates 3-5 NOT Operation 3-6 Describing Logic Circuits Algebraically 3-7 Evaluating Logic-Circuit Outputs 3-8 Implementing Circuits from Boolean Expressions 3-9 NOR Gates and NAND Gates 3-10 Boolean Theorems 3-11 DeMorgan7s Theorems 3-12 Universality of NAND Gates and NOR Gates 3-13 Alternate Logic-Gate Representations 3-14 Which Gate Representation to Use 3-1 5 IEEE/ANSI Standard Logic Symbols 3-16 Summary of Methods to Describe Logic Circuits 3-17 Description Languages Versus Programming Languages 3-18 Implementing Logic Circuits with PLDs 3-19 HDL Format and Syntax 3-20 Intermediate Signals Chapter 4 Combinational Logic Circuits 4-1 Sum-of-Products Form 4-2 Simplifying Logic Circuits 4-3 Algebraic Simplification 4-4 Designing Combinational Logic Circuits 4-5 Karnaugh Map Method 4-6 Exclusive-OR and Exclusive-NOR Circuits 4-7 Parity Generator and Checker 4-8 Enable/Disable Circuits 4-9 Basic Characteristics of Digital ICs 4-10 Troubleshooting Digital Systems 4-11 Internal Digital IC Faults 4-12 External Faults 4-13 Troubleshooting Case Study 4-14 Programmable Logic Devices 4-1 5 Representing Data in HDL 4-16 Truth Tables Using HDL 4-17 Decision Control Structures in HDL Chapter 5 Flip-Flops and Related Devices 5-1 NAND Gate Latch 5-2 NOR Gate Latch 5-3 Troubleshooting Case Study 5-4 Digital Pulses 5-5 Clock Signals and Clocked Flip-Flops 5-6 Clocked S-R Flip-Flop 5-7 Clocked J-K Flip-Flop 5-8 Clocked D Flip-Flop 5-9 D Latch (Transparent Latch) 5-10 Asynchronous Inputs 5-11 IEEE/ANSI Symbols 5-12 Flip-Flop Timing Considerations 5-13 Potential Timing Problem in FF Circuits 5-14 Flip-Flop Applications 5-15 Flip-Flop Synchronization 5-16 Detecting an Input Sequence 5-17 Data Storage and Transfer 5-18 Serial Data Transfer: Shift Registers 5-19 Frequency Division and Counting 5-20 Microcomputer Application 5-21 Schmitt-Trigger Devices 5-22 One-Shot (Monostable Multivibrator) 5-23 Clock Generator Circuits 5-24 Troubleshooting Flip-Flop Circuits 5-25 Sequential Circuits Using HDL 5-26 Edge-Triggered Devices 5-27 HDL Circuits with Multiple Components Chapter 6 Digital Arithmetic: Operations and Circuits 6-1 Binary Addition 6-2 Representing Signed Numbers 6-3 Addition in the 2"s-Complement System 6-4 Subtraction in the 2"s-Complement System 6-5 Multiplication of Binary Numbers 6-6 Binary Division 6-7 BCD Addition 6-8 Hexadecimal Arithmetic 6-9 Arithmetic Circuits 6-10 Parallel Binary Adder 6-11 Design of a Full Adder 6-12 Complete Parallel Adder with Registers 6-13 Carry Propagation 6-14 Integrated-Circuit Parallel Adder 6-15 2"s-Complement System 6-16 ALU Integrated Circuits 6-17 Troubleshooting Case Study 6-18 Using TTL Library Functions with Altera 6-19 Logical Operations on Bit Arrays 6-20 HDL Adders 6-2 1 Expanding the Bit Capacity of a Circuit Chapter 7 Counters and Registers Part 1 7-1 Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters 7-2 Propagation Delay in Ripple Counters 7-3 Synchronous (Parallel) Counters 7-4 Counters with MOD Numbers < 2N 7-5 Synchronous Down and Up/Down Counters 7-6 Presettable Counters 7-7 IC Synchronous Counters 7-8 Decoding a Counter 7-9 Analyzing Synchronous Counters 7-10 Synchronous Counter Design 7-11 Basic Counters Using HDLs 7-12 Full-Featured Counters in HDL 7-13 Writing HDL Modules Together 7-14 State Machines Part 2 7-15 Integrated Circuit Registers 7-16 Parallel In/Parallel Out-The 74ALS174/74HC174 7-17 Serial In/Serial Out-The 74ALS166/74HC166 7-18 Parallel In/Serial Out-The 74ALS165/74HC165 7-19 Serial In/Parallel Out-The 74ALS164/74HC164 7-20 Shift-Register Counters 7-21 Troubleshooting 7-22 HDL Registers 7-23 HDL Ring Counters 7-24 HDL One-Shots Chapter 8 Integrated-Circuit Logic Families 8-1 Digital IC Terminology 8-2 The TTL Logic Family 8-3 TTL Data Sheets 8-4 TTL Series Characteristics 8-5 Other TTL Characteristics 8-7 MOS Technology 8-8 Complementary MOS Logic 8-9 CMOS Series Characteristics 8-10 Low-Voltage Technology 8-11 Open-Collector/Open-Drain Outputs 8-12 Tristate (Three-State) Logic Outputs 8-13 High-speed Bus Interface Logic 8-14 The ECL Digital IC Family 8-15 CMOS Transmission Gate (Bilateral Switch) 8-16 IC Interfacing 8-17 Mixed-Voltage Interfacing 8-18 Analog Voltage Comparators 8-19 Troubleshooting Chapter 9 MSI Logic Circuits 9-1 Decoders 9-2 BCD-to-7-Segment Decoder/Drivers 9-3 Liquid-Crystal Displays 9-4 Encoders 9-5 Troubleshooting 9-6 Multiplexers (Data Selectors) 9-7 Multiplexer Applications 9-8 Demultiplexers (Data Distributors) 9-9 More Troubleshooting 9-10 Magnitude Comparator 9-11 Code Converters 9-12 Data Busing 9-13 The 74ALS173/HC173 Tristate Register 9-14 Data Bus Operation 9-15 Decoders Using HDL 9-16 The HDL 7-Segment Decoder/Driver 9-17 Encoders Using HDL 9-18 HDL Multiplexers and Demultiplexers 9-19 HDL Magnitude Comparators 9-20 HDL Code Converters Chapter 10 Digital System Projects Using HDL 10-1 Small-Project Management 10-2 Stepper Motor Driver Project 10-3 Keypad Encoder Project 10-4 Digital Clock Project 10-5 Frequency Counter Project Chapter 11 Interfacing with the Analog World 11-1 Review of Digital Versus Analog 11-2 Digital-to-Analog Conversion 11-3 D/A-Converter Circuitry 11-4 DAC Specifications 11-5 An Integrated-Circuit DAC 11-6 DAC Applications 11-7 Troubleshooting DACs 11-8 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 11-9 Digital-Ramp ADC 11-10 Data Acquisition 11-11 Successive-Approximation ADC 11-12 Flash ADCs 11-13 Other A/D Conversion Methods 11-14 Sample-and-Hold Circuits 11-15 Multiplexing 11-16 Digital Storage Oscilloscope 11-17 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Chapter 12 Memory Devices 12-1 Memory Terminology 12-2 General Memory Operation 12-3 CPU-Memory Connections 12-4 Read-only Memories 12-5 ROM Architecture 12-6 ROM Timing 12-7 Types of ROMs 12-8 Flash Memory 12-9 ROM Applications 12-10 Semiconductor RAM 12-11 RAM Architectue 12-12 Static RAM (SRAM) 12-13 Dynamic RAM (DRAM) 12-14 Dynamic RAM Structure and Operation 12-15 DRAM Read/Write Cycles 12-16 DRAM Refreshing 12-17 DRAM Technology 12-18 Expanding Word Size and Capacity 12-19 Special Memory Functions 12-20 Troubleshooting RAM Systems 12-21 Testing ROM Chapter 13 Programmable Logic Device Architectures 13-1 Digital Systems Family Tree 13-2 Fundamentals of PLD Circuitry 13-3 PLD Architectures 13-4 The GAL 16V8 (Generic Array Logic) 13-5 The Altera EPM7128S CPLD 13-6 The Altera FLEX10K Family 13-7 The Altera Cyclone Family Glossary Answers to Selected Problems Index of ICs Index