1.General Aspects of Electric Power Systems 1.1 Brief Survey of Power System Analysis and Operation 1.2 Active Power Transmission using Elementary Models 1.3 Reactive Power Transmission using Elementary Models 1.4 Difficulties with Reactive Power Transmission 1.5 Short Circuit Capacity, Short Circuit Ratio, and Voltage Regulation References 2What is Voltage Stability? 2.1 Voltage Stability, Voltage Collapse, and Voltage Security 2.2 Time Frames for Voltage Instability, Mechanisms 2.3 Relation of Voltage Stability to Rotor Angle Stability 2.4 Voltage Instability in Mature Power Systems 2.5 Introduction to Voltage Stability Analysis: P-V Curves 2.6 Introduction to Voltage Stability Analysis: V-Q Curves 2.7 Graphical Explanation of Longer-Term Voltage Stability 2.8 Summary References 3.Transmission System Reactive Power Compensationand Control 3.1 Transmission System Characteristics 3.2 Series Capacitors 3.3 Shunt Capacitor Banks and Shunt Reactors 3.4 Static Var Systems 3.5 Comparisons between Series and Shunt Compensation 3.6 Synchronous Condensers 3.7 Transmission Network LTC Transformers References Power System Loads 4.1 Overview of Subtransmission and Distribution Networks 4.2 Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Load Components 4.3 Reactive Compensation of Loads 4.4 LTC Transformers and Distribution Voltage Regulators References 5.Generation Characteristics 5.1 Generator Reactive Power Capability 5.2 Generator Control and Protection 5.3 System Response to Power Impacts 5.4 Power Plant Response 5.5 Automatic Generation Control (AGC) References Simulation of Equivalent Systems 6.1 Equivalent System 1: Steady-State Simulation 6.2 Equivalent System 1: Dynamic Simulation 6.3 Equivalent System 2: Steady-State Simulation 6.4 Equivalent System 2: Dynamic Simulation References Voltage Stability of a Large System 7.1 System Description 7.2 Load Modeling and Testing 7.3 Power Flow Analysis 7.4 Dynamic Performance Including Undervoltage Load Shedding 7.5 Automatic Control of Mechanically Switched Capacitors References 8.Voltage Stability with HVDC Links 8.1 Basic Equations for HVDC 8.2 HVDC Operation 8.3 Voltage Collapse 8.4 Voltage Stability Concepts Based on Short Circuit Ratio 8.5 Power System Dynamic Performance References 9.Power System Planning and Operating Guidelines 9.1 Reliability Criteria 9.2 Solutions: Generation System 9.3 Solutions: Transmission System 9.4 Solutions: Distribution and Load Systems 9.5 Power System Operation 9.6 Summary: the Voltage Stability Challenge References Appendices: A. Notes on the Per Unit System B. Voltage Stability and the Power Plow Problem B.1 The Nodal Admittance Matrix B.2 The Newton-Raphson method B-3 Modal Analysis of Power Flow Model B.4 Fast Decoupled Methods B.5 Power Flow Analysis for Voltage Stability B.6 Voltage Stability Static Indices and Research Areas References C. Power Flow Simulation Methodology D. Dynamic Analysis Methods for Longer-Term Voltage Stability E. Equivalent System 2 Data F. Voltage Instability Incidents
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