PART ONE ORGANIZATIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1
Chapter 1 The Information Systems Revolution: Transforming Business and Management 2
InPart Delivers Digital Parts on the Internet 3
1.1 Why Information Systems? 4
The Competitive Business Environment, 4
What is an information System? 7
Window on Technology: UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology, 9
A Business Perspective on Information Systems, 10
l.2 Comemporary Approaches to Information Systems 12
Technical Approach, 13
Behavioral Approach, 13
Approach of this Text: Sociotechnical Systems, 13
1.3 The New Role of information Systems in Organizations 14
The Widening Scope of Information Systems, 14
The Network Revolution and the Internet, 16
Window on Management: Asian Netrepreneurs Thrive on the Internet, 18
New Options for Organizational Design: The Networked Enterprise, 18
Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business, 23
Window on Organizations: Internet Trading Heats Up, 24
1.4 Learning to Use Information Systems: New Opportunities with Technology 27
The Challenge of Information Systems: Key Management Issues, 27
Integrating Text with Technology: New Opportunities for Learning, 29
Management Wrap-Up, 30
Summary, 30
Key Terms, 31
Review Questions, 31
Group Project, 31
Tools for interactive Learning, 31
Case Study: Battling Information Overload: A New Business is Born, 32
Chapter 2 The Strategic Role of Information Systems 34
Orchids Paper Products Moves Back on Course 35
2.1 Key System Applications in the Organization 37
Different Kinds of Systems, 38
Six Major Types of Systems, 39
Window on Technology: Canadian Oil Companies Make Data Flow, 43
Relationship of Systems to One Another: Integration, 47
2.2 Information Systems and Business Strategy 48
What is a Strategic Information System? 48
Business-Level Strategy and the Value Chain Model, 49
Window on Organizations: Mining for Profitable Customers, 54
Firm-Level Strategy and Information Technology, 56
Indusal-Level Strategy and Information Systems Competitive Forces and Network Economics, 58
Window on Management: British Consumer Companies Pool Their Data, 60
2.3 Using Systems for Competitive Advantage: Management Issues 61
Managing Strategic Transitions, 61
What Manager Can Do, 62
Management Wrap-Up, 63
Summary, 63
Key Terms, 64
Review Questions, 64
Group Project, 65
Tools for Interactive Learning, 65
Case Sandy: Can Sears Reinvent Itself? 65
Chapter 3 Information Systems, Organizations, and Business Processes 68
Schneider Responds to the New Rules of the Trucking Game 69
3.1 The Relationship Between Organizations and information Systems 71
The Two-Way Relationship, 71
What is an Organization, 72
3.2 Salient Features of organizations 73
Why Organizations Are So Much Alike f Common Features, 73
Why Organizations Are So Different: Unique Features, 75
Business Processes, 78
Levels of Analysis, 79
3.3 How Organizations Affect Information Systems 80
Decisions About the Role of Information Systems, 82
Information Technology Services, 82
Why Organizations Build information Systems, 84
Window on Organizations Euro Currency Conversion Creates a Systems Nightmare, 85
3.4 How Information Systems Affect Organizations 86
Economic Theories, 86
Behavioral Theories, 87
Window on Technology: Oil Companies Go Virtual, 88
The Internet and Organizations, 90
Window on Management: Learning to Share Knowledge, 91
Implications for the Design and Understanding of Information Systems,91
Management Wrap-Up, 92
Summary, 93
Key Terms, 93
Review Questions, 93
Group Project, 94
Tools for interactive Learning, 94
Case Sandy: Utilities Deregulation Sparks Big Business Changes, 94
Chapter 4 Information, Management, and Decision Making 96
Can Marks and Spencer Spark a Comeback? 97
4.1 What Managers Do 98
Putting Management and information Systems in Context, 98
Three Schools of Management, 99
The Technical-Rational Perspective, 100
The Behavioral Perspective, 101
Window on Technology: Schwab’s Managers Turn to the Internet, 104
The Cognitive Perspective and Postmodern Era, 106
4.2 Introduction to Decision Making 109
Levels of Decision Making, 109
Types of Decisions: Structured vs Unstructured, 109
Types of Decisions and Types of Systems, 109
Window on Management: Managers Look to the Future, 110
Stages of Decision Making, 110
4.3 Individual Models of Decision Making 112
The Rational Model, 112
Bounded Rationality and Satisficing, 113
“Muddling Through”, l13
Psychological Types and Frames of Reference, 114
4.4 Organizational Models of Decision Making 115
Bureaucratic Models, 115
Window on Organizations: Blockade by the Book, 116
Political Models of Organizational Choice, 116
"Garbage Can" Model, 116
4.5 How Information Technology Has Changed the Management Process 117
Traditional and Contemporary Management, 117
Implications for System Design, 118
Management Wrap-Up, 120
Summary, 120
Key Terms, 121
Review Questions, 121
Group Project, 122
Tools For Interactive Learning, 122
Case Sandy: A Tale of Two Cities Information Systems, 122
Chapter 5 Ethical and Social Impact of information Systems 124
Health Files on the Internet: What Price for Convenience? 125
5.1 Understanding Ethical and Social Issues Related to Systems 127
A Model for Thinking about Ethical, Social, and Political Issues, 127
Five Moral Dimensions of the information Age, 127
Key Technology Trends That Raise Ethical Issues, 128
5.2 Ethics in an information Society 130
Basic Concepts: Responsibility, Accountability, and Liability, 130
Ethical Analysis, 130
Candidate Ethical Principles, 131
Window on Technology: Are the Cookies Eating Your Privacy? 132
Professional Codes of Conduct, 132
Some Real-World Ethical Dilemmas, 132
5.3 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems 134
Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in an information Society, 134
Property alights: Intellectual Property, 136
Window on Management: Did Reuters Steal from Bloomberg? 137
Accountability, Liability, and Control, 140
Window on Organizations: Employee Guidelines for Using Software, 141
System Quality: Data Quality and System Errors, 143
Quality of Life: Equity, Access, Boundaries, 144
Management Actions A Corporate Code of Ethics, 150
Management Wrap-Up, 150
Summary, 151
Key Terms, 151
Review Questions, 151
Group Tools for Interactive Learning, 152
Case Study: Profiling You! 152
Part One Case Study: Daimler Chrysler and GM: Organization Technology and Business Processes in the U.S. Auto industry 154
Case Study Questions 159
PART TWO TECHNICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 16O
Chapter 6 Computers and information Processing 160
Navigation Canada Takes Flight with New Computers 161
6.1 What is a Computer System? 162
How Computers Represent Data, 163
Time and Size in the Computer World, 164
Computer Generations, 165
6.2 The CPU and Primary Storage 166
Primary Storage, 166
Types of Semiconductor Memory, 168
The Arithmetic-Logic Unit and Control Unit, 168
6.3 Con1Puters and Computer Processing 168
Categories of Computers, 168
Window on T6chnology: Mainframes Learn to Serve the Web, 170
Microprocessors and Processing Power, 171
Computer Networks and Client/Server Computing, 173
Network Computers and Total Cost of Ownership, 174
6.4 Secondary Storage 175
Magnetic Disk, 175
Window on Management: Network Computers: A New Management Option, 176
Window on Organizations: Selecting Laptop Computers: The Bottom Line for Organizations, 177
Optical Disks, 178
Magnetic Tape, 179
6.5 Input and Output Devices 180
Input Devices, 180
Batch and On-Line input and Processing, 182
Output Devices, 182
6.6 Information Technology Trends 184
Interactive Multimedia, 184
Superchips and Fifth-Generation Computers, 185
Smart Cards and Microminiaturization, 186
Social interfaces, 187
Management Wrap-Up, 187
Summary, 185
Key Terms, 189
Review Questions, 189
Group Project, 190
Tools for Interactive Learning, 190
Case Sandy: CheckFree Looks at the Total Cost of Ownership, 190
Chapter 7 Information Systems Software 192
Software Helps Norway's National Hospital Deliver Better Care 193
7.1 What is Software? 194
Software Programs, 195
Major Types of Software, 195
7.2 System Software 196
Functions of the Operating System, 196
Multiprogramming, Virtual Storage, Time Sharing, and Multiprocessing, 196
Language Translation and Utility Software, 198
Graphical User Interfaces, 199
PC Operating Systems, 200
Window on Organizations: Should Businesses Switch to Linux? 203
7.3 Application Software 203
Generation of Programming Languages, 203
Popular Programming Languages, 204
Fourth-Generation Languages and PC Software Tools, 206
7.4 New Software Tools and Approaches 213
Object-Oriented Programming, 213
Java, 215
Window on Technology: Banque Generale Luxembourg Competes with Object Technology, 216
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and XML, 2I7
7.5 Managing Software Assets 217
Software Trends, 217
Window on Management: Adding Java to the Programming Mix, 218
Software Maintenance and the Year 2000 Problem, 219
Selecting Software for the Organization, 220
Management Wrap-Up 221
Summary 222
Key Terms 223
Review Questions 223
Group Project 224
Tools for Interactive Learning 224
Case Sandy: The Year 2000 Problem, 224
Chapter 8 Managing Data Resources 226
Saab Centralizes Customer Data 227
8.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 229
File Organization Terms and Concepts, 229
Accessing Records from Computer Files, 230
Problems with the Traditional File Environment,
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