I. Introduction 1. Definition of Translation 2. Criteria of Translation 3. Is Translation Easy? 4. Literal Translation vs. Liberal Translation 5. Translatability 6. Basic Difference between English and Chinese II. Disparity between "Corresponding Words" in English and Chinese 1. Semantic Range and Classification 2. Collocative Meaning 3. Colorful Meaning 4. The innocent-looking Prepositions 5. Special Plurals III. Different Ways of Expressing Actions 1. The Verb 1.1 Verbs 1.2 Verbification 2. The Noun 3.1. Dynamic Nouns 2.2. Agentive Nouns 2.3. Borrowed Unit Words 3. The Preposition 4. The Adjective IV. Different Perspectives Behind the Language 1. Nomenclature and Focus 2. View of Time and Space 3. Specific and General 4. Passive and Active 5. Negative and Affirmative 6. Personal Subject and Impersonal Subject V. Tenure of the Sentence Structure 1. Word Order 2. Disjunctive Modifier 3. Behind the Parallel Structure: the Conjunction "And" 4. Conjunction "When" 5. Information Condensed in the Attributive Modifier 6. The Relative Clause 7. Rhetorical Comparison 8. Parataxis and Hypotaxis 9. Punctuation VI. Translation as Cross-cultural Communication 1. Cultural Connotation and Idioms 2. Culturally Unique Terms 3. Trademarks and Advertisements 4. Allusion 5. Implication of Color terms VII. Pragmatics and Translation 1. Purpose of Communication 2. Communicative Euphemism 3. Addressing Terms 4. Conventional Greetings 5. Stylistic Connotations Appendixes 1. Comment on a Translation and Its Notes 2. Recommended Books on Translation
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