Chapter 1 An Overview of the Essay 1 What is an Essay? 2 What is a Research Paper? Chapter 2 Writing an Essay 1 Planning and Shaping the Essay 1.1 Choosing and Limiting a Topic 1.2 Determining Our Purpose and Audience 1.3 Gathering Material 1.4 Formulating a Thesis Statement 1.5 Organizing and Outlining the Essay 2 Drafting the Essay 2.1 Writing the Introductory Paragraph 2.2 Writing the Concluding Paragraph 2.3 Gaining Unity and Coherence 2.4 Developing the Essay By Different Patterns of Organization 3 Revsing the Essay 3.1 Revisng the Essay 3.2 Editing the Essay 3.3 Dealing With the Final Draft 3.4 Proofreading Chapter 3 Writing a Research Paper 1 Learning About The Central Information System Of Modern Aca-demic Library 2 Developing the Essay 3 Writing a Research Paper Chapter 4 Making Good Use Of the Language 1 Striving For Clarity 2 Striving For Accuracy 3 Practicing Economy 4 Gaining Appropriateness Chapter 5 Using Punctuation Marks Correctly 1 End Punctuation Marks 2 Internal Punctuation Marks 3 Enclosing Marks 4 Punctuation of Individual Words and of Terms