The Concern of Stylistics 1 1．1 Stylistics 2 1．2 Language 3 1．3 Aspects ofthe Speech Event 4 1．4 Language Varieties and Function 5 1．5 Style 7 1．6 The Study ofStyle 9 1．7 The Concern of Stylistic Study 7 7 1．8 Stylistics and Other Spheres of Study 1 2 2 The Need for Stylistic Study 14 2．1 Stylistic Study Helps Cultivate a Sense of Ap．． propriateness 1 5 2．2 Stylistic Study Sharpens the Understanding and Appreciation of Literary Works 7 7 2．3 Stylistic Study Helps Achieve Adaptation in Translation 21 3 Varieties of Language 24 3．1 Two Kinds ofVarieties 25 3．2 Dialects 26 3．3 Registers 32 3．4 The Mutual Dependence Between Register and Dialect 38 3．5 The Social Meaning of Language Varieties 39 4 Linguistic Description 41 4·l The Aims of Stylistics in Linguistic Descrip- tion 42 4．2 Levels of Language 42 4．3 Stylistic Features 44 4．4 Procedure of Linguistic Description 68 4.5 The Practical Description and Analysis This Book 69 5 Formal vs Informal Language 72 5.1 The Interpersonal Function of Language 73 5.2 Degres of Formality 74 5.3 Functional Tenor and Degress of Formality 76 5.4 Matin Joes"Classification 78 5.5 Speech Situation and Formality 80 5.6 Formality and Linguistic Features 82 5.7Sets of Co-occurring Features 86 5.8 Involved vs Informational Texts 87 5.9 Tenors, Field ,and Mode 89 6 Spoken vs Written Language 91 6.1 Striking Differences 92 6.2 Stylistic Differences 94 6.3 Examples of Contrast 98 6.4 More Delicate Distinctions Amongst Modes of Discourse 100 6.5 Mode ,Field ,and Tenors 7 The English of Conversation 105 7.1 Necessity of Studying Speech 106 7.2 Necessity of Sudying Conversation 106 7.3 Object of Study 106 7.4 An Adapted Way of Transcription 108 7.5 A Sample Text of Casual Conversation 108 7.6 General Features 109 7.7 Stylistic Features in Terms of Levels of Language 110 7.8 Summary 118 7．9 Other Kinds 0t Conversation 1 1 9 8 The English of Public Speech 121 8．1 Scope of Public Speech 122 8．2 A Sample Text for Analysis 122 8．3 General Features of Public Speech 124 8．4 Stylistic Features of Public Speech 124 9 The English of Advertising 135 9．1 Advertising English as a Variety 136 9．2 Newspaper Advertising 137 9．3 Radio Advertising 154 10 The English of News Reporting 157 l 0．1 The English of News Reporting as a Variety 158 10．2 Two Sample Texts for Analysis 158 1 0．3 General Features of Newspaper Reporting 763 10．4 Stylistic Features of Newspaper Reporting 763 10．5 Stylistic Features of Radio and Television News 176 1 1 The English of Science and Technology 180 1 1．1 The Scope of the English of Science and Tech- nology 181 1 1．2 Sample Texts for Analysis 181 l 1．3 General Features of EST 785 1 1．4 Stylistic Features of EST 1 86 1 1．5 Features of Spoken EST 198 12 The English of Legal Documents 200 12．1 The English of Legal Documents as a Variety 201 12．2 Sample Texts for Analysis 201 1 2．3 Stylistic Features of Legal English 206 13 The English of Literature(I) 一General Remarks 218 13．1 Literature as Language Art 219 13．2 Literary Language and Ordinary Language 219 1 3．3 Literary English as fl Variety 224 14 The English of Literature(II) ___--The Language of Fiction 226 14．1 Manipulation of Semantic Roles 228 14．2 Creation of Images and Symbols 231 14．3 Preference in Diction 232 14．4 Artistic Manipulation of Sentence Variety and Rhythm 234 14．5 Employment of Various Points of View 239 14．6 The Subtle Workings of Authorial Tone 247 14．7 Various Ways of Presenting Speech and Thought 242 15 The English of Literature(III) ---The Language of Drama 247 15．1 Manipulation of the Naturalness of Characters" Speech 249 1 5．2 Exploitation of Different Speech Act．Turn- taking and Politeness Patterns 253 1 5．3 Use of Assumptions，PresuppositiOns and Conversational Implicature 262 16 The English of Literature(IV) ·。--The Language of Poetry 269 1 6．1 Various Devices for Compression 270 16．2 Extreme Care in Word Choice 274 1 6．3 Free Arrangement of Word Order 277 16．4 Lexical and Syntactical Repetition 278 1 6．5 Full Manipulation of Sound Effects 279 1 6．6 The Manipulation of Sight 288 16．7 Analysis of Poems at All Levels 293 Glossary 300 Bibliography 315
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