1 Components, Quantities, and Units 5 1-1 Electrical Components and Measuring Instruments 2 1-2 Electrical and Magnetic Units 6 1-3 Scientific Notation 8 1-4 Engineering Notation and Metric Prefixes 12 1-5 Metric Unit Conversions 15 2 Voltage, Current, and Resistance 22 2-1 Atomic Structure 24 2-2 Electrical Charge 27 2-3 Voltage 29 2-4 Current 33 2-5 Resistance 35 2-4 The Electric Circuit 44 2-7 Basic Circuit Measurements 51 2--8 Electrical Safety 59 Technology Theory into Practice 62 3 Ohm's Law 78 3-1 Ohm's Law 80 3-2 Calculating Current 82 3-3 Calculating Voltage 85 Calculating Resistance 88 3-5 The Relationship of Current, Voltage, and Resistance 89 3-6 Introduction to Troubleshooting 92 Technology Theory into Practice 95 4 Ener and Power 106 4-4 Energy and Power 108 4-4 Power in an Electric Circuit 110 4-3 Resistor Power Ratings 112 4-4 Energy Conversion and Voltage Drop in Resistance 116 4-5 Power Supplies 117 Technology Theory into Practice 120 5 Series Circuits 128 5-1 Resistors in Series 130 5-2 Current in a Series Circuit 132 5-3 Total Series Resistance 134 5-4 Ohma's Law in Series Circuits 138 5-5 Voltage Sources in Series 142 5-6 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law 145 5-7 Voltage Dividers 149 5-8 Power in a Series Circuit 156 5-9 Circuit Ground 158 5-10 Troubleshooting 162 Technology Theory into Practice 167 6 Parallel Circuits 184 6-1 Resistors in Parallel 186 6-2 Voltage in Parallel Circuits 189 6-3 Kirchhoff's Current Law 191 6-4 Total Parallel Resistance 195 6-5 Ohm's Law in Parallel Circuits 201 6-6 Current Sources in Parallel 205 6-7 Current Dividers 206 6-8 Power in Parallel Circuits 210 6-9 Examples of Parallel Circuit Applications 212 6-10 Troubleshooting 217 Technology Theory into Practice 222 7 Series-Parallel Circuits 238 7-1 Identifying Series-Parallel Relationships 240 7-2 Analysis of Series-Parallel Circuits 246 7-3 Voltage Dividers with Resistive Loads 253 7-4 Loading Effect of a Voltmeter 258 7-5 Ladder Networks 261 7-6 The Wheatstone Bridge 266 7-7 Troubleshooting 271 Technology Theory into Practice 275 8 Circuit Theorems and Conversions 294 8-1 The Voltage Source 296 8-2 The Current Source 298 8-3 Source Conversions 300 8.4 The Superposition Theorem 303 8-5 Thevenin's Theorem 310 8-6 Norton's Theorem 319 8-7 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 323 8-8 Delta-to-Wye (A-to-Y) and Wye-to-Delta (Y-to-A) Conversions 325 Technology Theory into Practice 331 9 Branch, Mesh, and Node Analysis 346 9-1 Branch Current Method 348 9-2 Determinants 351 9-3 Solving Simultaneous Equations Using a Calculator 357
9-4 Mesh Current Method 359 9-5 Node Voltage Method 364 Technology Theory into Practice 367 10 MagneUsm and ElectromagneUsm 378 10-1 The Magnetic Field 380 10-2 Electromagnetism 384 10-3 Electromagnetic Devices 390 10-4 Magnetic Hysteresis 395 10-5 Electromagnetic Induction 397 10-6 Applications of Electromagnetic Induction 401 Technology Theory into Practice 405 11 Introduction to AlternaUng Current and Voltage 414 11-1 The SineWave 416 11-2 Sinusoidal Voltage Sources 421 11-3 Voltage and Current Values of Sine Waves 424 11-4 Angular Measurement of a Sine Wave 428 11-5 The Sine Wave Formula 432 11-6 Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws in AC Circuits 434 11-7 Superimposed DC and AC Voltages 437 11-8 Nonsinusoidal Waveforms 439 11-9 The Oscilloscope 446 Technology Theory into Practice 453 12 Phasors and Complex Numbers 468 12-1 Introduction to Phasors 470 12-2 The Complex Number System 475 12-3 Rectangular and Polar Forms 479 12-4 Mathematical Operations 486 Technology Theory into Practice 491 13 Capacitors 498 13-1 The Basic Capacitor 500 13-2 Types of Capacitors 507 13-3 Series Capacitors 513 13-4 Parallel Capacitors 518 13-5 Capacitors in DC Circuits 520 13-6 Capacitors in AC Circuits 529 13-7 Capacitor Applications 535 13-8 Testing Capacitors 540 Technology Theory into Practice 542 14 Inductors 556 14-1 The Basic Inductor 558 14-2 Types of Inductors 564 14-3 Series lnductors 565 14-4 Parallel Inductors 566 14-5 lnductors in DC Circuits 568 14-6 lnductors in AC Circuits 577 14-7 Inductor Applications 583 14--8 Testing lnductors 584 Technology Theory into Practice 585 15 Transformers 598 15-1 Mutual Inductance 600 15-2 The Basic Transformer 601 15-3 Step-Up Transformers 605 15-4 Step-Down Transformers 606 15-5 Loading the Secondary Winding 607 15-6 Reflected Load 609 15-7 Matching the Load and Source Resistances 611 15-8 The Transformer as an Isolation Device 614 15-9 Practical Transformers 616 15-10 OtherTypes of Transformers 619 15-11 Troubleshooting 624 Technology Theory into Practice 626 16 RC Circuits 638 Part 1: Series Reactive Circuits 64o 16-1 Sinusoidal Response of RCCircuits 640 16-2 Impedance and Phase Angle of Series RC Circuits 641 16-3 Analysis of Series RCCircuits 644 Part 2: Parallel Reactive Circuits eS1 16-4 Impedance and Phase Angle of Parallel RC Circuits 651 16-5 Analysis of Parallel RCCircuits 654 Part 3: Series-Parallel Reactive Circuits 660 16-6 Analysis of Series-Parallel RC Circuits 660 Part 4: Special Topics 666 16-7 Power in RC Circuits 666 16-8 Basic Applications 670 16-9 Troubleshooting 681 Technology Theory into Practice 687 17 RL Circuits 706 Part 1: Series Reactive Circuits 708 17-1 Sinusoidal Response of RL Circuits 708 17-2 Impedance and Phase Angle of Series RL Circuits 709 17-3 Analysis of Series RL Circuits 711 Part 2: Parallel Reactive Circuits 716 17-4 Impedance and Phase Angle of Parallel RL Circuits 716 17-5 Analysis of Parallel RL Circuits 719 Part 3: Series-Parallel Reactive Circuits 723 17-6 Analysis of Series-Parallel RL Circuits 723 Part 4: Special Topics 727 17-7 Power in RL Circuits 727 17-8 Basic Applications 730 17-9 Troubleshooting 738 Technology Theory into Practice 743 18 RLC Circuits and Resonance 758 Part 1: Series Reactive Circuits 76o 18-1 Impedance of Series RLC Circuits 760 18-2 Analysis of Series RLC Circuits 762 18-3 Series Resonance 766 Part 2: Parallel Reactive Circuits 773 18-4 Impedance of Parallel RLC Circuits 773 18-5 Analysis of Parallel RLC Circuits 775 18-6 Parallel Resonance 778 Part 3: Series-parallel Reactive Circuits 782 18-7 Analysis of Series-Parallel RLC Circuits 782 Part 4: Special Topics 790 18-8 Bandwidth of Resonant Circuits 790 18-9 Applications 794 Technology Theory into Practice 798 19 Basic Filters 812 19-1 Low-Pass Filters 814 19-2 High-Pass Filters 821 19-3 Band-Pass Filters 826 Band-Stop Filters 830 Technology Theory into Practice 834 20 Circuit Theorems in AC Analysis 846 20-1 The Superposition Theorem 848 20-2 Thevenin's Theorem 853 20-3 Norton's Theorem 863 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 867 Technology Theory into Practice 871 21 Pulse Response of Reactive Circuits 882 21-1 The RC Integrator 884 21-2 Single-Pulse Response of RC Integrators 885 21-3 Repetitive-Pulse Response of RC Integrators 890 21-4 Single-Pulse Response of RC Differentiators 895 21-5 Repetitive-Pulse Response of RC Differentiators 900 21-6 Pulse Response of RL Integrators 903 21-7 Pulse Response of RL Differentiators 908 21-8 Relationship of Time (Pulse) Response to Frequency Response 911 21-9 Troubleshooting 914 Technology Theory into Practice 917 Polyphase Systems in Power 22 Applications 928 22-1 Basic Polyphase Machines 930 22-2 Polyphase Generators in Power Applications 932 22-3 Three-Phase Generators 938 22-4 Three-Phase Source/Load Analysis 943 22-5 Three-Phase Power 950 APPENDICES A Table of Standard Resistor Values 959 B Batteries 960 C Derivations 963 O Capacitor Color Coding 966 Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 970 Glossary 982 Index 989
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