Foreword Preface Introduction CHAPTER 1 A Framewrok for Architecture The Zachman Framework The Rows The Columns The Architecture Framework The Analysis Proces Implications CHAPTER 2 Managing Projects Introduction Summary of Development Phases About Strategy Articulation Definition About Requirements Analysis Process One:Define Scope Process Two:Plan the Process Process Three:Gather Information Step1:Conduct Briefing Step2A:Conduct Interviews Step2B:Joint Application Deveopment(JAD)and Feedback Sessions Step3:Obtain Industry Information and Paterns Step4:Examine Current Systems Step5:The Deliverable Process Four:Describe the Enterprise Step1:Define Data Models(See Chapter 3) Step2:Define Activity Models(See Chapter 4) Step3:Define Location Models(See Chapter6) Step4:Define People and Organization Models(See Chapter 5) Step5:Define Event and Timing Models(See Chapter 7) Step6:Define Motivation Models(See Chapter 8) Step7:Present Models Step8:Deliverables:Model Descriptions Process Five:Define What Is Required of a New System Step1:Restate Project Purpose Step2:Identify Key Players Step3:Identify Required Capabilities Step4:Identify Requirement Constraints Step5:Identify Non-functional Requirements Step6:Determine Level of Technology Step7:Identify Capacity Requirements Step8:Decide Whether to Make or Buy Step9:Deliverable:Requirements Statement Process Six:Determine the Existing Systems Environment Step1:Define Operating Environment Step2:Identify Software Environment Step3:Define Technological Architecture Step4:Define Operational Procedures Step5:Identify Existing Capacity Step6:Deliverable:System Inventory Process Seven:Plan for Transition Step1:Begin Reorganization Step2:Begin Education Step3:Prepare for Training Step4:Prepare for Data Conversion Step5:Prepare for Implementation of Hardware and Software Step6:Deliverable:Transition Plan Summary CHAPTER 3 Column One:Data Views of Data A Brief History of Data Architecture The"Application Approach"to Systems What Went Wrong? 1.Input's Connections to Output 2.Overlapping Applications 3.Encoding Business in the Programs The Solution-Version1 Data Management The Solution-Version2 Advanced Data Management-Meta-data Graphics-Data Modeling A Short History Entity/Relational Modeling Object Modeling Object-Role Modeling(ORM) How to Draw a Data Model Using Entity/Relationship and Object Models Business Owners' Views(Row Two) Architect's View(Row Three) Designer's View(Row Four) Normalization Before Normal Forms First Normal Form Second Normal Form Third Normal Form Boyce/Codd Normal Form Fourth Normal Form Fifth Normal Form Data Modeling and Normalization Object-Oriented Design Referential Integrity Data Modeling Conventions Syntactic-Symbols Positional-The Crow's Foot Rule Semantic-Data Model Patterns Entity/Relationship Model Validation The Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column One Entity Types and Relationships,with Narrative Attributes Domains Referential Integrity Data and the Other Columns Data and Activities Data and Locations Data,People,and Organizations Data and Timing Data and Business Rules Conclusion CHAPTER 4 Column Two:Activities From the Business Owners'View to the Architect's View Approach Function Hierarchies Dependency Diagrams Data Flow Diagrams "Exploding"Processes Context Diagram Physical Data Flow Diagrams Logical("Essential")Data Flow Diagrams IDEF0 Syntax Rules The UML Activity Diagram Interaction Diagrams Use Cases A Word About Business Process Re-engineering Business Process Diagrams Detailed Function and Process Documentation Structured Natural Language Action Diagrams Decision Trees and Decision Tables Other Hierarchical Techniques Implications of Analyzing Activities Implications for Relational Design Implications for Object-Oriented Design The Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column Two A Comparison of the Techniques Activities and the Other Columns Activities and Data Activities and Locations Activities and People Activities and Timing(Events) Activities and Motivation CHAPTER 5 Column Four:People and Organizations How to Organize the Enterprise(Row One) Row Two:The Business Owner's View Times Change A Very Short History of the World Human Capital Structural Capital Customer Captital Requirements for Knowledge Management The New Workplace and Knowledge Management Row Three:The Nature of a(Human)System A System Management A Model of the Viable System-System One Freedom System Two:Dampen Waves System Three:Achieve Synergy System Four:Opportunities System Five:System Identity Extra Communication Channels Implications of This Model Information Overload Jobs Our Personal Lives System Use Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column Four People,Organizations,and the Other Columns People and Data People and Activities People and Locations People and Timing People and Movivation CHAPTER 6 Column Three:Locations Row Two-Geography Headquarters and Field Offices Production Network Distribution Network Research Network Customer Locations The Set of Siftes Row Three-Network(and the Other Columns) Column One:Where Are Data Created?Where Are They Used? Column Two:Which Functions Are Where? Column Four:Which Roles Are Where? Column Five:What Events Are Where? Column Six:Which Business Rules Are Where? The Requirements Analysis Delverable-Column Three CHAPTER 7 Column Five:Timing Introduction Row One:Scope Row Two:The Business Owner's View Schedules Events and States State/Transition Diagram Row Three:The Architect's View Events and States Essential Data Flow Diagrams Entity Life Histories The Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Cloumn Five Timing and the Other Columns Timing and Data Timing and Activities Timing and Locations Timing,People,and Organizations Timing and Motivation Conclusion CHAPTER 8 Columan Six:Motivation Introduction Row One:Scope Row Two:Business Owners'Views End Means Course of Action Assessment Discovering Rules Row Three:Architect's View Classes of Rules Quality Criteria Rule Descriptions Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column Six Row Three:The Architect's View Events and States Essential Data Flow Diagrams Entity Life Histories The Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Cloumn Five Timing and the Other Columns Timing and Data Timing and Avtivities Timing and Locations Timing,People,and Organizations Timing and Motivation Conclusion CHAPTER 8 Column Six:Motivation Introduction Row One:Scope Row Two:Business Owners'Views End Means Course of Action Assessment Discovering Rules Row Three:Architect's View Classes of Rules Quality Criteria Rule Descriptions Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column Six Motication and the Other Columns Motivation and Data Motivation and Activities Motivation and Locations Motication,People,and Organizations Motivation and Timing Conclusion APPENDIX A The Zachman Framework APPENDIX B A Comparison of Data Modeling Techniques APPENDIX C The Business Rules Group Motivation Model APPENDIX D The Business Rules Group and David C.Hay Modified Motivation Model Glossary Bibliography Index
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