Table of Contents Chapter 1 Overview of a Campus Network 3 Campus Network Overview 4 Traditional Campus Networks 4 Canent Calnpus Networks 8 The Emerging Canlpus Network 11 Emerging Campus Structure 11 Switching Technologies 13 Basic Layer Terminology 13 Layer 2 Switchlng 14 Benefits of Routing 16 Layer 3 Switching 18 Layer 4 Switching 19 Multilayer Switching 20 The Hierarchical Model 20 The Access Layer 21 The Disuibution Layer 21 The Core Layer 22 Choosing a Cisco Product 22 The Building Block Approach 24 The Switch Block 25 The Core Block 28 Campus Network Availability Example 35 Summary 39 Review Questions 40 Written Exercises: Overview of a Campus Network 41 Task 1: Describing Layer 2, 3, and 4 and Multilayer Switching Functions 41 Task 2: Identifying the Switch Layer Solution for a Given Network Requirement 42 Task 3 : Given a Set of User Requirements, Identify the Cooect Cisco Product Solution 43 Task 1 Answers: Describing Layer 2, 3, and 4 and Multilayer Switching Functions 44 Task 2 Answers: Identifying the Switch Layer Solution for a Given Network Requirement 45 Task 3 Answers: Given a Set of User Requirements, Identify the Conect Cisco Ptoduct Solution 46 Chapter 2 Connecting the Switch Block 49 Introduction to Connecting the Switch Block 49 Cable Media Types 50 Ethernet 50 Fast Ethemet 51 Gigabit Ethemet 54 Example of Subscribing Links 56 Cabling Switch Block Devices 60 Connecting to the Console Port on an IOS Command-Based Switch 61 Connecting to the Console Port on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch 62 Connecting to an Ethemet Port 62 Configuring Connectivity within the Switch Block 63 Limiting Switch Access Using Passwords 64 Uniquely Defming the Switch 66 Configuring Switch Remote Accessibility 67 Uniquely Identifying Pons 68 Defining Link Speed 69 Maximizing Data Transmission 69 Verifying Connectivity 71 Summary 72 Review Questions 73 Case Study: Connecting the Switch Block 73 Scenario 73 Command List 75 Task 1 : Conagure the Access Layer Connection to the PC 77 Task 2: Configure the Connections Between the Access Layer Switches and the Distribution Layer Switches 79 Task 3 : Configure the Connections from the Distribution Layer Switches to the Core Layer Switches 82 Chapter 3 Defining Common Workgroups with VLANs 87 VLANs 87 Defming VLAN Boundaries 90 Establishing VLAN Memberships 93 Configuring VLANs 94 Verifying VLAN Configuration 95 VLAN Identification 96 Link Types 96 VLAN Frame Identification Methods 99 Trunk Negotiation 104 Configuring a Trunk Link 104 VLAN Trunking Protocol 106 Adding a Switch to an Existing Domain 109 VTP Advenisements 110 VTP Configuration Tasks and Guidelines 112 VTP Pruning 115 Summary 118 Review Questions 118 Case Study: Defining Common Workgroups 118 Scenario 119 Command List 120 Task 1 : Configure the Access Layer Devices widl VTP Domain, VLANs, and Trunlcs 121 Task 2: Configuriog the Distribution Layer Switches with VTP Domain and Trunks 125 Chapter 4 Managing Redundant Links 131 Overview of Transparent Bridging 131 Inuoduction to the Spanning-Tree Ptotocol 134 Bridge Protocol Data Units 135 Electing a Root Bridge 137 Forming an Association with the Root Bridge 137 Spanning-Tree Pon States 139 Spanning-Tree Timers 140 Handling Topology Changes in Sp Spanning Tree Example 143 Enabling Spanning Tree 144 Virtual LANs alld Spanning Tree 147 Per-VLAN Spanning Tree 147 Common Sp Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus 149 Scaling SP Establishing the Root Bridge 151 Determining the Best Loop-Free Path to the Root 153 Modifying Spanning-Tree Timers 158 EtherChannel 159 Configuring UplinkFast 165 Configuring BackboneFast 168 Summary 170 Review Questions 170 Case Study: Managing Redundant Links 171 Scenario 171 Command List 173 Task 1 : Verify Operation of the Spanning-Tree Protocol 174 Task 2 : Configure the Task 3 : Configure Fast EtherChannel 178 Task 4: Conagure PortFast and UplinkFast 182 Chapter 5 Inter-VLAN Routing 187 Inter-VLAN Routing Issues and Solutions 187 Isolated Broadcast Domains 188 Finding the Route 189 Supponing Multiple VLAN Traffic 189 Distribution Layer Topology 192 Extemal Route Processors 192 Intemal Route Ptocessors 193 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing 196 Loading alld Accessing dle Route Processor 197 Enabling an m Routing Ptotocol 198 Configuring an Interface 199 Defining the Default Gateway 203 Testing dle Link 204 Summary 205 Review Questions 206 Case Study: Inter-VLAN Routing 206 Scenario 206 Command List 208 Task I : Perform Basic Router Setup 210 Task 2: Configure Routing on the Route Switch Module 211 Task 3: Verify IP Addresses and Establish a Default Gateway for the Workstation 213 Chapter 6 Improving IP Routing PeHormance with Multilayer Switching 217 Multilayer Switching Fundamentals 217 Hardware and SoRware Requirements 219 MLS Components 219 How MLS Works 220 Conmmands That Disable MLS 226 Configuring the Multilayer Switch Route hocessor 227 Globally Enabling MLS on the Route Processor 227 Assigning an MLS Interface to a Enabling MLS on an Interface 229 Creating a Null Domain 230 Assigning an MLS Management Interface 230 Assigning a VLAN m to an Interface on an Extemal Router 231 Verifying the Configuration 232 Applying Flow Masks 233 Destination-m Flow Mask 234 Source-Destination-m Flow Mask 234 IP-Flow Mask 235 Output Access Lists and Flow Masks 235 Input Access Lists and Flow Masks 237 Configuring the Multilayer Switch Switching Engine 238 Enabling IVIIJS on the Switch 238 Aging Out Cache EnRies on dle Switch 239 Managing ShoH-Lived Flows 239 Adding Extemal Router MLS IDs 240 Verifying the Configuration 242 MLS Topology Examples 244 Topology Example 244 Topology Changes and Routing Impacts 245 Topology Quiz 246 Other Layer 3 Switching Technologies 247 Summary 248 Review Questions 248 Case Study: Improving m Routing Perfonnance with Multilayer Switching 249 Scenario 249 Command List 251 Task 1: Configure the Distribution Layer Route Processor to Participate in Multilayer Switching 252 Task 2: Configure the Distribution Layer Switching Engine to Participate in Multilayer Switching 254 Task 3: Verify MLS Flow Cache 256 Chapter 7 Configuring HSRP for Fault-Tolerant Routing 259 HSRP Overview 259 Routing Issues in a Redundant Network 260 Solution to Routing Issues: Hot Standby Routing Ptotocol 263 HSRP Group Members 263 HSRP Operations 266 Locating the Virtual Router MAC Address 267 HSRP Messages 269 HSRP States 270 Configuring HSRP 272 Assigning HSRP Standby Ptiority 273 Configuring HSRP Standby heempt 274 Configuring HSRP Over Tnlnk Links 275 Conaguring Hello Message Timers 276 HSRP Interface Tracking 276 Displaying the Status of HSRP 278 S ummary 280 Review Questions 280 Case Study 281 Scenario 281 Command List 282 Task 1: Configure HSRP 282 Task 2: Ensure the Role of the Active Router by Assigning a Pteempt Status 285 Chapter 8 Multicast Overview 287 InRoduction to Multicasting 287 Unicast TraHic 288 Broadcast Traffic 290 Multicast Traffic 291 IP Multicast Characteristics 292 Addressing in an IP Multicast Environment 292 IP Multicast Address Suucture 293 Mapping MAC Addresses to m Multicast Addresses 294 Managing Multicast TraHic in a Canlpus Network 295 Subscribing and Maintaining Groups 296 IGMPv1 297 IGMPv2 299 Handling Multicast Traffc in a Switch 305 Routing Multicast Traffic 306 Distribution Trees 307 Managing the Scope of Delivery 310 Multicast Routing Protocols 312 Dense Mode Routing Protocols 313 Sparse Mode Routing Ptotocols 316 Summary 317 Review Questions 318 Written Exercises : Multicasting Overview 318 Task 1 : Transnlission Characteristics 319 Task 2 : Reconcile Multicast IP Addresses to Ethemet Addresses 319 Task 3 : The Functional Differences Between IG Task 4 : The Setup Ptocedure in Which Routers and Switches Facilitate Multicast Traffic 323 Task 1 Answers: Transmission Characteristics 323 Task 2 Answers: Reconcile Multicast m Addresses to Edlemet Addresses 324 Task 3 Answers: The Functional Differences Between IG Task 4 Answers: The Setup Procedure in Which Routers and Switches Facilitate Multicast Traffic 325 Chapter 9 Configuring IP Multicast 327 Planning for Multicasting 327 End-to-End IP Multicasting 329 Configuring m Multicast Routing 330 Enabling Multicasting 331 Configuring Multicast Interfaces 331 Verifying Pnvl Configuration 3 34 Selecting a Designated Router 335 Displaying a PDvl Neighbor 336 Configuring a Rendezvous Point 337 Defining the Scope of Delivery 341 Verining Molticast Configmation 342 Enhancing the Route Ptocessor 343 Joining a Multicast Group 343 Manipulating the IGMP Version 344 Enabling CGlvIP 345 Enabling CGMP on the Router 345 Enabling CGMP on the Switch 346 Enabling CGMP Leave 347 Verifying CGMP Configuration 348 Summary 349 Review Questions 350 Case Study: Configuring IP Multicast 351 Scenario 351 Command List 352 Task 1 : Configure the Primary Disuibution Router to Forward Multicast Traffic Using the PIM DM Ptotocol 353 Task 2: Configure Multicast Traffic Using PIM SM 358 Task 3 : Enable ccFvm 359 Chapter 10 Controlling Access to the Campus Network 365 Defmition of an Access Policy 365 Applying Policies in a Hierarchical Model 366 Managing Network Devices 368 Physical Security 3 68 Assigning Passwords 368 Controlling Session Timeouts 370 Ptivilege IJeveIS 371 Banner Messages 373 Controning Vinual Terminal kccess 373 Controning Access Layer Policy 376 Port Security 376 Disuibution Layer Policy 378 Controlling Infonnation with Filters 378 Filtering Routing Update Traffic 3 82 Core Layer Policy 3 85 Summary 3 85 Review Questions 386 Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 389 Chapter 1 Answers to Review Questions 389 Chapter 2 Answers to Review Questions 391 Chapter 3 Answers to Review Questions 392 Chapter 4 Answers to Review Questions 393 Chapter 5 Answers to Review Questions 394 Chapter 6 Answers to Review Quesdons 396 Chapter 7 Answers to Review Questions 397 Chapter 8 Answers to Review Questions 399 Chapter 9 Answers to Review Questions 400 Chapter IO Answers to Review Questions 401 Appendix B Switching Architectures and Functional Descriptions 405 Switching Terms and Defmitions 405 B ackplane 405 Local Switching 405 Oversubscription 406 Nonblocking 406 Queuing 406 Switching Decisions 406 Switching Fabric 407 Switching Components 407 Congestion Management 407 Switching Implementations 410 Central Switching Decision 411 Distributed Switching Decision 411 Multilayer Switching 411 Cisco Express Forwarding 412 Cisco Express Forwarding Modes 413 Catalyst 4000 Series Family 415 Catalyst 5000 Series Family 416 Catalyst 6000 Series Falnily 417 Catalyst 8500 Series Family 418 Index 420
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