語用學(xué)：理論及應(yīng)用

     Contents
    序（胡壯麟）
   自序
   1 Introduction
    1.1 An informal definition
    1.2 The origin of pragmatics
    1.2.1 The term " pragmatics'
    1.2.2 Semiotias
    1.2.3 Pragmatism
    1.2.4 Semiotic pragmatics
   2 Deixis
    2.1 The egocentricity of deixis
    2.2 Different uses
    2.2.1 Gestural and symbolic uses
    2.2.2 Deictic and anaphoric uses
    2.3 Types of deixis
    2.3.1 Person deixis
    2.3.2 Time deixis
    2.3.3 Place deixis
    2.3.4 Discourse deixis
    2.3.5 Social deixis
   3 Conversational implicature (1)
    3.1 The Gricean theory
    3.1.1 The cooperative principle
    3.1.2 Violation of the maxims
    3.2 Elaborations on the theory -
    3.2.1 Characteristics of conversational implicature
    3.2.2 Entailment
    3.2.3 Conventional implicature
    3.2.4 Distinctions within conversational implicature
    3.3 Formalization ot imphcature
    3.3.1 Scalar quantity implicature
    3.3.2 Clausal quantity implicature
   4 Conversational implicature (11)
    4.1 Relevance theory
    4.1.1 Ostensive-inferential communication
    4.1.2 Relevance
    4.1.3 Differences between the Gricean theory and
    relevance theory
    4.2 The Q- and R-principles
    4.2.1 Wherefore the principles
    4.2.2 Evidence for the principles
    4.3 The Q- 1-and M-principles
    4.3.1 A neoclassic interpretation
    4.3.2 Anaphoric reference
    4.3.3 Some alternative approaches
   5 Presupposition
    5.1 The philosophical tradition
    5.2 A semantic analysis
    5.2.1 Presupposition vs. focus
    5.2.2 As a type of lexical information
    5.2.3 Factive and non-factive
    5.2.4 Presupposition-triggers
    5.3 Problems in the semantic approach
    5.3.1 Defeasibility
    5.3.2 The projection problem
    5.4 The pragmatic approach
    5.4.1 Holes, plugs and filters
    5.4.2 Potential and actual presuppositions
    5.4.3 A principled account
   6 Speech acts
    6.1 The performative-constative dichotomy
    6.1.1 Early development
    6.1.2 Felicity conditions
    6.1.3 Collapse of the dichotomy
    6.2 The theory of illocutionary acts
    6.2.1 Three kinds of speech act
    6.2.2 Some counter-arguments
    6.3 Classes of illocutionary acts
    6.3.1 Austin' s classification
    6.3.2 Searle' s revision
    6.4 A semanticist view
    6.4.1 The performative hypothesis
    6.4.2 A detailed examination
    6.5 Indirect speech
    6.5.1 A pragmatic analysis
    6.5.2 Idiomatic, but not idioms
   7 Conversation analysis
    7.1 Turn-taking
    7.1.1 Rules for turn-taking
    7.1.2 The significance of the rules
    7.2 Adjacency pairs
    7.2.1 Insertion sequences
    7.2.2 Three-turn structures
    7.3 Preference organization
    7.3.1 Preference in repair
    7.3.2 Preferred and dispreferred seconds
    7.4 A neo-Gricean interpretation
    7.4.1 Pre-sequences
    7.4.2 Minimization in conversation
    7.5 Searle on conversation
    7.5.1 The structure of conversation
    7.5.2 Turn-taking "rules"
   Appendix: transcription conventions
   Bibliography