Series editors'' preface Preface 1 Introduction Earlier thinking on transfer 2.1 Languages and dialects in contact 2.2 Transfer as a controversy in language teaching Some fundamental problems in the study of transfer 3.1 Problems of definition 3.2 Problems of comparison 3.3 Problems of prediction 3.4 Problems of generalization Discourse 4.1 Politeness 4.2 Coherence 4.3 Discourse transfer and other factors 4.4 Summary and conclusion Semantics 5.1 Propositional semantics 5.2 Lexical semantics 5.3 Summary and conclusion Syntax 6.1 Word order 6.2 Relative clauses 6.3 Negation 6.4 Summary and conclusion 7 Phonetics, phonology, and writing systems 7.1 General versus specific predictions 7.2 Phonetic and phonological transfer 7.3 Pronunciation, language universals, and typologies 7.4 Writing systems 7.5 Summary and conclusion Nonstructural factors in transfer 8.1 Individual variation 8.2 Transfer and age of acquisition 8.3 Transfer, linguistic awareness, and social context Looking back and looking ahead 9.1 Some caveats 9.2 Some conclusions 9.3 Some areas for further research 10 Implications for teaching Glossary References Language index Author index Subject index