Introduction to the Kidney 1 Physiology of Body Fluids objecitves physicochemical properties of electrolyte solutions molarity and equivalence osmosis and osmotic pressure osmolarity and osmolality tonicity oncotic pressure specific gravity volumes of body fluid compartments composition of body fluid compartments fluid exchange between bdy fluid compartments capillary fluid exchange cellular fluid exchange summary key words and concepts self-study problems 2 Structure and Function of the Kidneys and the Lower Urinary Tract objectives structure of the kidneys gross anatomy ultrastructure of the nephron ultrastructure of the renal corpuscle ultrastructure of the juxtaglomerular aparatus innervation of the kidneys anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract gross anatomy and histology innervation of the bldder passage of urine from the kidneys to the bladder micturition summary key words and concepts self-study problems 3 Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow 4 Renal Transport mechanisms:NaC1 and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron 5 Regulation of Body Fluid Osmolality:Regulation of Water Balance 6 Regulation of Effective Circulating Volume and NaC1 Balance 7 Regualtion of Potassium Balance 8 Regulation of Acid-Base Balance 9 Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Balance 10 Physiology of Diuretic Action 11 Physiologic Adaptation to Nephron Loss Additional Reading APPDNDIX A Integrative Case Studies APPDNDIX B Normal Laboratory Values APPDNDIX C Nephron Function APPDNDIX D Answers to Self-Study Problems APPDNDIX E Answers to Integrative Case Studies APPDNDIX F Review Examination Ⅰ APPDNDIX G Review Examination Ⅱ
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