Authors ix
Preface xi
CHAPTER 1 Introduction l
CHAPTER 2 Knowledge and Virtue 6
Plato· SeIections from the Gorgias and the Republic, Books i-ii, iV,
vi-vii, and ix
CHAPTER 3 Moral Character 20
AristotIe·Selections from the Nicomacheon Ethics, Books i-ii, vi,
and x
CHAPTER4 The Pleasant Life 35
Epicurus·SeIections from the Ietters To Herodotus and To
Menoeceui the Phocipal Doctrines, and the Fragments
CHAPTERS Self-Discipline 47
Epictetus. Selections from The Discourses Books i-iV, the
Enchiridion, and the Frogments
CHAPTER 6 The Love of God 60
Saint Augustine·Selections from the Enchiridion, Chapters xi-xii,
xcvi, and c-ci, and The City of God, Books v, xii, xiv, and xix-xxii
CHAPTER 7 Morality and Natural Law 75
Saint Thomas Aquinas·SeIections from the Summa COntra
Gentiles, Book iii, and the Summa Theologto ArticIes i-iii and V-VIll
CHAPTER 8 Social Cohtract Ethics 89
Thomas Hobbes·SeIections from the Leviathoa Chapters vi,
xiii-xv and xxix-xxx, and'' PhilosophicaI Rudiments Chapter i
CHAPTER 9 Nature and Reason 103
Benedict de Spinoza·Selections from On the Improvement of the
Understanding and the Ethics, Chapters i-v
CHAPTER 10 Conscience in Morality 1l8
Joseph Butler·SeIections from Sermons i-iii and xi and the Preface
CHAPTER 11 Morality and Sentiment 13o David Hume·SeIections from An Enquty Conceming the
Principles of Morals
CHAPTER 12 Duty and Reason l43
Immanuel Kant·SeIections from Fundomental Phociples of the
Metaphysic of Morals First and Second Sections
CHAPTER 13 The Greatest Happiness Principle 1s7
John Stuart MiIl·Selections from UtiIitarianisrm Chapters ii-iii
CHAPTER 14 The Leap of Faith 172
Soren Kierkegaard·SeIections from Either/Or, Fear ond TrembIing,
and Concluding Unscientific Postscript
CHAPTER 15 Morality as Ideology 187
Karl Marx·SeIections from Karl Marx: SeIected Wrtings
CHAPTER 16 Utilitarianism Revised 202
Henry Sidgwick·SeIections from The Methods of Ethics
CHAPTER 17 The Transvaluation of Values 2l3
Friedrich Nietzsche·SeIections from The Will tO Power The
Genealogy of MoroIs First Essay , and Beyond Good and Evil
CHAPTER 18 Scientific Method in Ethics 228
John Dewey·SeIections from The Quest for Certainty Chapter x
CHAPTER 19 The Indefinability of Good 242
G. E. Moore·Selections from Principia Ethica
CHAPTER 2O Prima Facie Duty 254
W.D. Ross. SeIections from The Right ond the Good
CHAPTER 21 Ethics as Emotive Expression 264
A. J. Ayer and C. L. Stevenson. SeIections from Ayer''s Longuoge,
Truth and Logic. Chapter vi, and Stevenson''s The Nature of
EthicaI Disagreement
CHAPTER 22 Radical Freedom 279
Jean-PauI Sartre. Selections from ExistentinIism ond Human Emotions
CHAPTER 23 Good Reasons in Ethics 200
Kurt Baier·Selections from The MoraI Point of View
CHAPTER 24 Ethics and Social justice 302
John Rawls. Selections from ''''Justice as Reciprocity
CHAPTER 25 Moral Virtue and Human Interest 314
Philippa Foot. Selections from Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in MoroI Philosophy
CHAPTER 26 Ethics as Trusting in Trust 326
Annette Baier. SeIections from Trust and Antitrust
CHAPTER 27 The Concept of Morality 341
WilIiam K. Frankena. SeIections from Thinking about MoraIity
CHAPTER 28 Ethical Skepticism 353
Bernard WiIliams·SeIections from MoroIity:An Introduction to Ethics and the Limits of Phgosophy
EPlLOGUE Applied Ethics 362
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