Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Growth Of Computer Networking
1.2 Complexity In Network Systems
1.3 Mastering The Complexity
1.4 Concepts And Terminology
1.5 Organization Of The Text
1.6 Summary
Chapter 2 Motivation And Tools
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Resource Sharing
2.3 Growth Of The Internet
2.4 Probing The Internet
2.5 Interpreting A Ping Response
2.6 Tracing A Route
2.7 Summary
Chapter 3 Network Programming And Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Network Communication
3.3 Client-Server Computing
3.4 Communication Paradigm
3.5 An Example Application Program Interface
3.6 An Intuitive Look At The API
3.7 Definition Of The API
3.8 Code For An Echo Application
3.9 Code For A Chat Application
3.10 Code For A Web Application
3.11 Summary
PART 1 Data Transmission
Chapter 4 Transmission Media
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Copper Wires
4.3 Glass Fibers
4.4 Radio
4.5 Satellites
4.6 Geosynchronous Satellites
4.7 Low Earth Orbit Satellites
4.8 Low Earth Orbit Satellite Arrays
4.9 Microwave
4.10 Infrared
4.11 Light From A Laser
4.12 Summary
Chapter 5 Local Asynchronous Communication (RS-232)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Need For Asynchronous Communication
5.3 Using Electric Current To Send Bits
5.4 Standards For Communication
5.5 Baud Rate, Framing, And Errors
5.6 Full Duplex Asynchronous Communication
5.7 Limitations Of Real Hardware
5.8 Hardware Bandwidth And The Transmission Of Bits
5.9 The Effect Of Noise On Communication
5.10 Significance For Data Networking
5.11 Summary
Chapter 6 Long-Distance Communication (Carriers, Modulation, And Modems)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sending Signals Across Long Distances
6.3 Modem Hardware Used For Modulation And Demodulation
6.4 Leased Analog Data Circuits
6.5 Optical, Radio Frequency, And Dialup Modems
6.6 Carrier Frequencies And Multiplexing
6.7 Baseband And Broadband Technologies
6.8 Wave Division Multiplexing
6.9 Spread Spectrum
6.10 Time Division Multiplexing
6.11 Summary
PART 11 Packet Transmission
Chapter 7 Packets, Frames, And Error Detection
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Concept Of Packets
7.3 Packets And Time-Division Multiplexing
7.4 Packets And Hardware Frames
7.5 Byte Stuffing
7.6 Transmission Errors
7.7 Parity Bits And Parity Checking
7.8 Probability Mathematics And Error Detection
7.9 Detecting Errors With Checksums
7.10 Detecting Errors With Cyclic Redundancy Checks
7.11 Combining Building Blocks
7.12 Burst Errors
7.13 Frame Format And Error Detection Mechanisms
7.14 Summary
Chapter 8 LAN Technologies And Network Topology
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Direct Point-to-Point Communication
8.3 Shared Communication Channels
8.4 Significance Of LANs And Locality Of Reference
8.5 IAN Topologies
8.6 Example Bus Network: Ethernet
8.7 Carrier Sense On Multi-Access Networks (CSMA)
8.8 Collision Detection And Backoff With CSMA/CD
8.9 802.11 Wireless LANs And CSMA/CA
8.10 Another Example Bus Network: LocalTalk
8.11 Example Ring Network: IBM Token Ring
8.12 Another Example Ring Network: FDDI
8.13 Example Star Network: ATM
8.14 Summary
Chapter 9 Hardware Addressing And Frame Type Identification
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Specifying A Recipient
9.3 How LAN Hardware Uses Addresses To Filter Packets
9.4 Format Of A Physical Address
9.5 Broadcasting
9.6 Multicasting
9.7 Multicast Addressing
9.8 Identifying Packet Contents
9.9 Frame Headers And Frame Format
9.10 An Example Frame Format
9.11 Using Networks That Do Not Have Self-Identifying Frames
9.I2 Network Analyzers, Physical Addresses, Frame Types
9.13 Summary
9.14 Ethernet Address Assignment
Chapter 10 LAN Wiring, Physical Topology, And Interface Hardware
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Speeds Of IANs And Computers
10.3 Network Interface Hardware
10.4 The Connection Between A NIC And A Network
10.5 Original Thick Ethernet Wiring
10.6 Connection Multiplexing
10.7 Thin Ethernet Wiring
10.8 Twisted Pair Ethernet
10.9 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Wiring Schemes
10.10 The Topology Paradox
10.11 Network Interface Cards And Wiring Schemes
10.12 Wiring Schemes And Other Network Technologies
10.13 Summary
Chapter 11 Extending LANs: Fiber Modems, Repeaters, Bridges, and Switches
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Distance Limitation And IAN Design
11.3 Fiber Optic Extensions
11.4 Repeaters
11.5 Bridges
11.6 Frame Filtering
11.7 Startup And Steady State Behavior Of Bridged Networks
11.8 Planning A Bridged Network
11.9 Bridging Between Buildings
11.10 Bridging Across Longer Distances
11.11 A Cycle Of Bridges
I1.I2 Distributed Spanning Tree
11.13 Switching
I1.14 Combining Switches And Hubs
11.15 Bridging And Switching With Other Technologies
11.16 Summary
Chapter 12 Long-Distance Digital Connection Technologies
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Digital Telephony
12.3 Synchronous Communication
12.4 Digital Circuits And DSU/CSUs
12.5 Telephone Standards
12.6 DS Terminology And Data Rates
12.7 Lower Capacity Circuits
12.8 Intermediate Capacity Digital Circuits
12.9 Highest Capacity Circuits
12.10 Optical Carrier Standards
12.11 The C Suffix
12.12 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
12.13 The Local Subscriber Loop
12.14 ISDN
12.15 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Technology
12.16 Other DSL Technologies
12.17 Cable Modem Technology
12.18 Upstream Communication
12.19 Hybrid Fiber Coax
12.20 Fiber To The Curb
12.21 Alternatives For Special Cases
12.22 Broadcast Satellite Systems
12.23 Summary
Chapter 13 WAN Technologies And Routing
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Large Networks And Wide Areas
13.3 Packet Switches
13.4 Forming A WAN
13.5 Store And Forward
13.6 Physical Addressing In A WAN
13.7 Next-Hop Forwarding
13.8 Source Independence
13.9 Relationship Of Hierarchical Addresses To Routing
13.10 Routing In A WAN
13.11 Use Of Default Routes
13.12 Routing Table Computation
13.13 Shortest Path Computation In A Graph
13.14 Distributed Route Computation
13.15 Distance Vector Routing
13.16 Link-State Routing (SPF)
13.17 Example WAN Technologies
13.18 Summary
Chapter 14 Connection-Oriented Networking And ATM
14.1 Introduction
14.2 A Single, Global Network
14.3 ISDN And ATM
14.4 ATM Design And Cells
14.5 Connection-Oriented Service
14.6 VPI/VCI
14.7 Labels And Label Switching
14.8 An Example Trip Through An ATM Network
14.9 Permanent Virtual Circuits
14.10 Switched Virtual Circuits
14.11 Quality Of Service
14.12 The Motivation For Cells And label Switching
14.13 ATM Data Transmission And AAL5
14.14 Critique Of ATM
14.15 Summary
Chapter 15 Network Characteristics: Ownership, Service Paradigm, And Performance
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Network Ownership
15.3 Privacy And Public Networks
15.4 Advantages And Disadvantages
15.5 Virtual Private Networks
15.6 Guaranteeing Absolute Privacy
15.7 Service Paradigm
15.8 Connection-Oriented Service Paradigm
15.9 Connectionless Service Paradigm
15.10 Interior And Exterior Service Paradigms
15.11 Comparison Of Service Paradigms
15.12 Examples Of Service Paradigms
15.13 Addresses And Connection Identifiers
15.14 Network Performance Characteristics
15.15 Jitter
15.16 Summary
Chapter 16 Protocols And Layering
16.1 Introduction
16.2 The Need For Protocols
16.3 Protocol Suites
16.4 A Plan For Protocol Design
16.5 The Seven Layers
16.6 Stacks: Layered Software
16.7 How Layered Software Works
16.8 Multiple, Nested Headers
16.9 The Scientific Basis For Layering
16.10 Techniques Protocols Use
16.11 The Art Of Protocol Design
16.12 Summary
PART III Internetworking
Chapter 17 Internetworking: Concepts, Architecture, and Protocols
17.1 Introduction
17.2 The Motivation For Internetworking
17.3 The Concept Of Universal Service
17.4 Universal Service In A Heterogeneous World
17.5 Internetworking
17.6 Physical Network Connection With Routers
17.7 Internet Architecture
17.8 Achieving Universal Service
17.9 A Virtual Network
17.10 Protocols For Internetworking
17.11 Significance Of Internetworking And TCP/IP
17.12 Layering And TCP/IP Protocols
17.13 Host Computers, Routers, And Protocol Layers
17.14 Summary
Chapter 18 IP: Internet Protocol Addresses
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Addresses For The Virtual Internet
18.3 The IP Addressing Scheme
18.4 The IP Address Hierarchy
18.5 Original Classes Of IP Addresses
18.6 Computing The Class Of An Address
18.7 Dotted Decimal Notation
18.8 Classes And Dotted Decimal Notation
18.9 Division Of The Address Space
18.10 Authority For Addresses
18.11 A Classful Addressing Example
18.12 Subnet And Classless Addressing
18.13 Address Masks
18.14 CIDR Notation
18.15 A CIDR Address Block Example
18.16 CIDE Host Addresses
18.17 Special IP Addresses
18.18 Summary Of Special IP Addresses
18.19 The Berkeley Broadcast Address Form
18.20 Routers And The IP Addressing Principle
18.21 Multi-Homed Hosts
18.22 Summary
Chapter19 Binding Protocol Addresses (ARP)
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Protocol Addresses And Packet Delivery
19.3 Address Resolution
19.4 Address Resolution Techniques
19.5 Address Resolution With Table Lookup
19.6 Address Resolution With Closed-Form Computation
19.7 Address Resolution With Message Exchange
19.8 Address Resolution Protocol
19.9 ARP Message Delivery
19.10 ARP Message Format
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