PrefacebyHalliday
王宗炎序
PrefacebyChomsky
沈家煊序
導讀
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PARTIFoundationsforClassroomPractice
Chapter1WhereDoIBegin
AClassromObservation,4
BeneaththeLesson,10
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,13
ForYourFurtherReading,14
Chapter2TeachingbyPrinciples
CognitivePrinciples,16
AffectivePrinciples,22
LinguisticPrinciples,26
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,31
ForYourFurtherReading,32
Chapter3IntrinsicMotivationintheClassroom
DefiningMotivation,34
DeadPoetsSociety,37
IntrinsicandExtrinsicMotivation,38
IntrinsicMotivationinEducation,39
IntrinsicMotivationIntheSecondLanguage
Classroom,42
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,45
ForYourFurtherReading,46
Chapter4AMethodicalHistoryofLanguageTeaching
Approach,Method,Technique,48
ChangingWindsandShiftingSands,51
TheGrammarTranslationMethod,52
GouinandtheSeriesMethod,54
TheDirectMethod,55
TheAudiolingualMethod,56
DesignerMethodsoftheSpiritedSeventies,58
BeyondMethod:Notional-FunctionalSyllabuses,66
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,69
ForYourFurtherReading,72
Chapter5ThePresent:AnInformedApproach73
AnApproachforEnlightenedEclectics,74
CommunicativeLanguageTeaching,77
UntanglingSomeCurrentJargon,80
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,84
ForYourFurtherBeading,85
PARTIIContextsofTeaching
Chapter6LearnerVariablesI:TeachingAcrossAgeLevels89
TeachingChildren,90
TeachingAdults,94
TeachinginBetween,95
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,97
ForYourFurtherReading,98
Chapter7LearnerVariablesII:TeachingAcross
ProficiencyLevels99
DefiningProficiencyLevels,100
TeachingBeginningLevels,101
TeachingIntermediateLevels,111
TeachingAdvancedLevels,114
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,117
ForYourFurtherReading,I18
Chapter8SociopoliticalandInstitutionalContexts119
SociopoliticalContexts,119
SecondandForeignLanguageContexts,120
EnglishasanInternationalLanguage,122
LanguagePolicyIssues,123
InstitutionalContexts,125
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,130
ForYourFurtherReading,131
PARTIIIDesigningandImplementingClassroomTechniques
Chapter9TechniquesandMaterials135
TechniquesRedefined,136
CategorizingTechniques:ABitofHistory,137
ATaxonomyofTechniques,141
SupportingMaterials,144
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,154
ForYourFurtherReading,I55
Chapter10InteractiveLanguageTeachingI:
InitiatingInteraction157
WhatIsInteraction 159
InteractivePrinciples,159
RolesoftheInteractiveTeacher,160
ForeignLanguageInteractionAnalysis,162
QuestioningStrategiesforInteractiveLearning,164
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,168
ForYourFurtherReading,169
Chapter11InteractiveLanguageTeachingII:
SustainingInteractionThroughGroupWork171
AdvantagesofGroupWork,173
ExcusesforAvoidingGroupWork,175
ImplementingGroupWorkinYourClassroom,178
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,187
ForYourFurtherReading,188
Chapter12LearnerStrategyTraining189
StrategicInvestment,190
GoodandBadLanguageLearners,191
StylesofSuccessfulLanguageLearning,192
DevelopingStudentSelf-awareness
ofStyleTendencies,193
HowtoTeachStrategiesintheClassroom,200
PackagedModelsofLearnerStrategyTraining,209
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,213
ForYourFurtherReading,214
Chapter13IntegratingtheFourSkills217
WhyIntegration 218
Content-basedTeaching,220
Theme-basedTeaching,221
ExperientialLearning,224
TheEpisodeHypothesis,225
Task-basedTeaching,227
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,231
ForYourFurtherReading,232
Chapter14TeachingListeningComprehension233
ListeningComprehensioninPedagogicalResearch,234
AnInteractiveModelofListeningComprehension,235
TypesofSpokenLanguage,236
WhatMakesListeningDifficult 238
MicroskillsofListeningComprehension,241
TypesofClassroomListeningPerformance,242
PrinciplesforDesigningListeningTechniques,244
ListeningTechniquesfromBeginningtoAdvanced,247
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,251
ForYourFurtherReading,252
Chapter15TeachingOralCommunicationSkills253
OralCommunicationSkillsinPedagogicalResearch,254
TypesofSpokenLanguage,256
WhatMakesSpeakingDifficult 256
MicroskillsofOralCommunication,257
TeachingPronunciation:ThenandNow,258
FactorsAffectingPronunciationLearning,259
AModelforCorrectionofSpeechErrors,262
TypesofClassroomSpeakingPerformance,266
PrinciplesforDesigningSpeakingTechniques,268
TechniquesforTeachingOralCommunicationSkills,270
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,279
ForYourFurtherReading,251
Chapter16TeachingReading283
ResearchonReadingaSecondLanguage,283
TypesofWrittenLanguage,286
CharacteristicsofWrittenLanguage,287
MicroskillsforReadingComprehension,290
StrategiesforReadingComprehension,291
TypesofClassroomReadingPerformance,297
PrinciplesforDesigningInteractive
ReadingTechniques,298
TwoReadingLessons,301
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andBesearch,316
ForYourFurtherReading,317
Chapter17TeachingWritingSkills319
ResearchonSecondLanguageWriting,320
TypesofWrittenLanguage,325
CharacteristicsofWrittenLanguage:AWriter''sView,325
MicroskillsforWriting,327
TypesofClassroomWritingPerformance,327
PrinciplesforDesigningWritingTechniques,330
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andBesearch,344
ForYourFurtherReading,345
Chapter18ThePlaceofGrammarandVocabulary347
ThePlaceofGrammar,347
ToTeachorNottoTeachGrammar,349
IssuesAboutHowtoTeachGrammar,351
GrammarTechniques,354
GrammarSequencinginTextbooksandCurricula,364
AWordAboutVocabularyTeaching,365
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,370
ForYourFurtherReading,371
Chapter19CreatingInteractive,Intrinsically
MotivatingTests373
TestingandTeaching,375
SignsofHopeinLanguageTesting,376
IntrinsicallyMotivatingLanguageTests,382
SomePracticalStepstoTestConstruction,386
TestsCanAidLearning!390
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,391
ForYourFurtherReading,392
PARTIVClassroomPracticalities
Chapter20HowtoPlanaLesson395
FormatofaLessonPlan,396
GuidelinesforLessonPlanning,398
SampleLessonPlan,403
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,409
ForYourFurtherReading,410
Chapter21ClassroomManagement411
TheClassroomItself,412
YourVoiceandBodyLanguage,413
UnplannedTeaching:MidstreamLessonChanges,414
TeachingUnderAdverseCircumstances,415
Teachers''RolesandStyles,419
CreatingaPositiveClassroomClimate,421
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,422
ForYourFurtherReading,424
Chapter22LifelongLearning:ContinuingYour
TeacherEducation425
PeakPerformers,426
TheGoodLanguageTeacher,428
ClassroomObservation,431
ClassroomResearch,437
AgentsforChange,441
TopicsforDiscussion,Action,andResearch,442
ForYourFurtherReading,443
BIBLIOGRAPHY445
INDEX461
文庫索引468
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