Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Source Code Presentation
1.3 History
1.4 Appication Programming Interfaces
1.5 Example Program
1.6 System Calls and Library Functions
1.7 Network Implementation Overview
1.8 Descriptors
1.9 Mbufs(Memory Buffers)and Output Processing
1.10 Input Processing
1.11 Network Implementation Overview Revisited
1.12 Interrupt Levels and Concurrency
1.13 Source Code Organization
1.14 Test Network
1.15 Summary
Chapter 2. Mbufs:Memory Buffers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Code Introduction
2.3 Mbuf Definitions
2.4 mbuf Structure
2.5 Simple Mbuf Macros and Functions
2.6 m_devget and m_pullup Functions
2.7 Summary of Mbuf Macros and Functions
2.8 Summary of Net/3 Networking Data Structures
2.9 m_copy and Cluster Reference Counts
2.10 Alternatives
2.11 Summary
Chapter 3. Interface Layer
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Code Introduction
3.3 ifnet Structure
3.4 ifaddr Structure
3.5 sockaddr Structure
3.6 ifnet and ifaddr Specialization
3.7 Network Initialization
3.8 Ethernet Initialization
3.9 SLIP Initialization
3.10 Loopback Initialization
3.11 if_attach Function
3.12 ifinit Function
3.13 Summary
Chapter 4. Interfaces:Ethernet
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Code Introduction
4.3 Ethernet Interface
4.4 ioctl System Call
4.5 Summary
Chapter 5. Interfaces:SLIP and Loopback
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Code Introduction
5.3 SLIP Interface
5.4 Loopback Interface
5.5 Summary
Chapter 6. IP Addressing
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Code Introduction
6.3 Interface and Address Summary
6.4 sockaddr_in Structure
6.5 in_ifaddr Structure
6.6 Address Assigment
6.7 Interface ioctl Processing
6.8 Internet Utility Functions
6.9 ifnet Utility Functions
6.10 Summary
Chapter 7. Domains and Protocols
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Code Introduction
7.3 domain Structure
7.4 protosw Structure
7.5 IP domain and protosw Structures
7.6 pffindproto and pffindtype Functions
7.7 pfctlinput Function
7.8 IP Initialization
7.9 sysctl System Call
7.10 Summary
Chapter 8. IP:Internet Protocol
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Code Introduction
8.3 IP Packets
8.4 Input Processing:ipintr Function
8.5 Forwarding:ip_forward Function
8.6 Output Processing:ip_output Function
8.7 Internet Checksum:in_cksum Function
8.8 setsockopt and getsockopt System Calls
8.9 ip_sysctl Function
8.10 Summary
Chapter 9. IP Option Processing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Code Introduction
9.3 Option Format
9.4 ip_dooptions Function
9.5 Record Route Option
9.6 Source and Record Route Options
9.7 Timestamp Option
9.8 ip_insertoptions Function
9.9 ip_pcbopts Function
9.10 Limitations
9.11 Summary
Chapter 10. IP Fragmentation and Reassembly
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Code Introduction
10.3 Fragmentation
10.4 ip_optcopy Function
10.5 Reassembly
10.6 ip_reass Function
10.7 ip_slowtimo Function
10.8 Summary
Chapter 11. ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol
11.1 Introduction
11.2 code Introduction
11.3 icmp Structure
11.4 ICMP protosw Structure
11.5 Input Processing:icmp_input Function
11.6 Error Processing
11.7 Request Processing
11.8 Redirect Processing
11.9 Reply Processing
11.10 Output Processing
11.11 icmp_error Function
11.12 icmp_reflect Function
11.13 icmp_send Function
11.14 icmp_sysctl Funtion
11.15 Summary
Chapter 12. IP Multicasting
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Code Introduction
12.3 Ethernet Multicast Addresses
12.4 ether_multi Structure
12.5 Ethernet Multicast Reception
12.6 in_multi Structure
12.7 ip_moptions Structure
12.8 Multicast Socket Options
12.9 Multicast TTL Values
12.10 ip_setmoptions Function
12.11 Joining an IP Multicast Group
12.12 Leaving an IP Multicast Group
12.13 ip_getmoptions Function
12.14 Multicast Input Processing:ipintr Function
12.15 Multicast Output Processing:ip_output Function
12.16 Performance Considerstions
12.17 Summary
Chapter 13. IGMP:Internet Group Management Protocol
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Code Introduction
13.3 igmp Structure
13.4 IGMP protosw Structure
13.5 Joining a Group:igmp_joingroup Function
13.6 igmp_fasttimo function
13.7 Imput Processing:igmp_input Function
13.8 Leaving a Group:igmp_leavegroup
13.9 Summary
Chapter 14. IP Multicast Routing
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Code Introduction
14.3 Multicast Output Processing Revisited
14.4 mrouted Daemon
14.5 Virtual Interfaces
14.6 IGMP Revisited
14.7 Multicast Routing
14.8 Multicast Forwarding:ip_mforward Function
14.9 Cleanup:ip_mrouter_done Function
14.10 Summary
Chapter 15. Socket Layer
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Code Introduction
15.3 socket Structure
15.4 System Calls
15.5 Processes,Descriptors,and Sockets
15.6 socket System Call
15.7 getsock and sockargs functions
15.8 bind system Call
15.9 listen System Call
15.10 tsleep and wakeup Functions
15.11 accept System Call
15.12 sonewconn and soisconnected Functions
15.13 connect System call
15.14 shutdown System Call
15.15 close System Call
15.16 Summary
Chapter 16. Socket I/O
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Code Introduction
16.3 socket Buffers
16.4 write,writev,sendto,and sendmsg System Calls
16.5 sendmsg System Call
16.6 senit Function
16.7 sosend Function
16.8 read,readv,recvfrom,and recvmsg System Calls
16.9 recvmsg System Call
16.10 recvit Function
16.11 soreceive Function
16.12 soreceive Code
16.13 Select System Call
16.14 Summary
Chapter 17. Socket Options
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Code Introduction
17.3 setsockopt System
17.4 getsockopt System
17.5 fcntl and ioctl System
17.6 getsockname System Call
17.7 getpeername System Call
17.8 Summary
Chapter 18. Radix Tree Routing Tables
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Routing Table Structure
18.3 Routing Sockets
18.4 Code Introduction
18.5 Radix Node Data Structures
18.6 Routing Structures
18.7 Initialization:route_init and rtable_init Functions
18.8 Initialization:rn_init and rn_inithead Functions
18.9 duplicate Keys and Mask Lists
18.10 rn_match Function
18.11 rn_search Function
18.12 Summary
Chapter 19. Routing Requests and Routing Messages
19.1 Introduction
19.2 rtalloc and rtallocl Funtions
19.3 RTFREE Macro and rtfree Function
19.4 rtrequest Function
19.5 rt_setgate Function
19.6 rtinit Function
19.7 rtredirect Function
19.8 Routing Message Structures
19.9 rt_missmsg Function
19.10 rt_ifmsg function
19.11 rt_newaddrmsg function
19.12 rt_msg1 Function
19.13 rt_msg2 Function
19.14 sysctl_rtable Function
19.15 sysctl_dumpentry Function
19.16 sysctl_iflist Function
19.17 Summary
Chapter 20. Routing Sockets
20.1 Introduction
20.2 routedomain and protosw Structures
20.3 Routing Control Blocks
20.4 raw_init Function
20.5 route_output Function
20.6 rt_xaddrs Function
20.7 rt_setmetrics Function
20.8 raw_input Function
20.9 route_usrreq Function
20.10 raw_usrreq Function
20.11 raw_attach,raw_detach,and raw_disconnect Function
20.12 Summary
Chapter 21. ARP:Address Resolution Protocol
21.1 Introduction
21.2 ARP and the Routing Table
21.3 Code Introduction
21.4 ARP Structures
21.5 arpwhohas Function
21.6 arprequest Function
21.7 arpintr Function
21.8 in_arpinput Function
21.9 ARP Timer Functions
21.10 arpresolve Function
21.11 arplookup Function
21.12 Proxy ARP
21.13 arp_rtrequest Functions
21.14 ARP and Multicasting
21.15 Summary
Chapter 22. Protocol Control Blocks
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Code Introduction
22.3 inpcb Structure
22.4 in_pcballoc and in_pcbdetach Functions
22.5 Binding,Connecting,and Demultiplexing
22.6 in_pcblookup Function
22.7 in_pcbbind Function
22.8 in_pcbconnect Function
22.9 in_pcbdisconnect Function
22.10 in_setsockaddr and in_stepeeraddr Functions
22.11 in_pcbnotify,in_rtchange,and in_losing Functions
22.12 Implementation Refinements
22.13 Summary
Chapter 23. UDP:User Datagram Protocol
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Code Introduction
23.3 UDP protosw Structure
23.4 UDP Header
23.5 udp_init Function
23.6 udp_ouput Function
23.7 udp_input Function
23.8 udp_saveopt Function
23.9 udp_ctlinput Function
23.10 udp_usrreq Function
23.11 udp_sysctl Function
23.12 Implementation Function
23.13 Summary
Chapter 24. TCP:Transmission Control Protocol
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Code Introduction
24.3 TCP protosw Structure
24.4 TCP Header
24.5 TCP Control Block
24.6 TCP State Transition Diagram
24.7 TCP Sequence Numbers
24.8 tcp_init Funtion
24.9 Summary
Chapter 25. TCP Timers
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Code Introduction
25.3 tcp_canceltimers Function
25.4 tcp_fasttimo Function
25.5 tcp_slowtimo Function
25.6 tcp_timers Function
25.7 Retransmission Timer Calculations
25.8 tcp_newtcpcb Function
25.9 tcp_setpersist Function
25.10 tcp_xmit_timer Function
25.11 Retransmission Timeout:tcp_timers Function
25.12 An RTT Example
25.13 Summary
Chapter 26. TCP Output
26.1 Introduction
26.2 tcp_output Overview
26.3 Determine if a Segment Should be Sent
26.4 TCP Options
26.5 Window Scale Option
26.6 Timestamp Option
26.7 Send a Segment
26.8 tcp_template Function
26.9 tcp_respond Function
26.10 Summary
Chapter 27. TCP Functions
27.1 Introduction
27.2 tcp_drain Function
27.3 tcp_drop Function
27.4 tcp_close Function
27.5 tcp_mss Function
27.6 tcp_ctlinput Function
27.7 tcp_notify Function
27.8 tcp_quench Function
27.9 TCP_REASS Macro and tcp_reass Funtion
27.10 tcp_trace Function
27.11 Summary
Chapter 28. TCP Input
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Preliminary Processing
28.3 tcp_dooptions Function
28.4 Header Prediction
28.5 TCP Input:Slow Path Processing
28.6 Initiation of Passive Open,Completion of Active Open
28.7 PAWS:Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers
28.8 Trim Segment so Data is Within Window
28.9 Self-Connects and Simultaneous Opens
28.10 Record Timestamp
28.11 RST Processing
28.12 Summary
Chapter 29. TCP Input(Continued)
29.1 Introduction
29.2 ACK Processing Overview
29.3 Completion of Passive Opens and Simultaneous Opens
29.4 Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery Algorithms
29.5 ACK Processing
29.6 Update Window Information
29.7 Urgent Mode Processing
29.8 tcp_pulloutofband Function
29.9 Processing of Received Data
29.10 FIN Processing
29.11 Final Processing
29.12 Implementaion Refinements
29.13 Header Compression
29.14 Summary
Chapter 30. TCP User Requests
30.1 Introduction
30.2 tcp_usrreq Function
30.3 tcp_attach Function
30.4 tcp_disconnect Function
30.5 tcp_usrclosed Function
30.6 tcp_ctloutput Function
30.7 Summary
Chapter 31. BPF:BSD Packet Filter
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Code Introduction
31.3 bpf_if Structure
31.4 bpf_d Structure
31.5 BPF Input
31.6 BPF Output
31.7 Summary
Chapter 32. Raw IP
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Code Introduction
32.3 Raw IP protosw Structure
32.4 rip_inif Function
32.5 rip_input Function
32.6 rip_ouput Function
32.7 rip_usrreq Function
32.8 rip_ctloutput Function
32.9 Summary
Epllogue
Appendix A. Solutions to Selected Exercises
Appendix B.Source Code Availability
Appendix C. RFC 1122 Compliance
C.1 Link-Layer Requirements
C.2 IP Requirements
C.3 IP Options Requirements
C.4 IP Fragmentation and Reassembly Requirements
C.5 ICMP Requirements
C.6 Multicasting Requirements
C.7 IGMP Requirements
C.8 Routing Requirements
C.9 ARP Requirements
C.10 UDP Requirements
C.11 TCP Requirements
Bibliography
Index
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